课程内容

Unit 8《Natural disasters》（3）
Grammar: when, while, as的用法
when, while, as都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”。
His parents died while he was at school.
I loved maths when I was at school.
我在学校时喜欢数学。
Call me when you've finished.
你完成后打电话给我。
As she grew older, she kept more to herself.
随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。
I was coming in as he was going out.
我进来的时候，他正出去。
when，while，as都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
①Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already?（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry, I was out when you called me.（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
④The students took notes as they listened.（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。
1、从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。
①When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（finish先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport, the guests had left.（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2、从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
①When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，以为陌生人走了进来。
②When/While/As she was making a phonecall, I was writing a letter.（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3、两个动作都是延续的，或者都为主要动作且同时进行，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。如：
They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）
4、如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，常用“一般过去式+while+过去进行时（从句用过去进行时）”。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes.
我们游泳的时候，有人偷了我们的衣服。
It began to rain heavily while we were having dinner.
我们在吃晚饭时，开始下起大雨。
5、强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时（主句用进行时）+when+-般过去式”结构。
I was walking in the street when he called me.
我正在街上走时，他突然喊我。
6、当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
①As the time went on, the weather got worse.（as表示“随着……”之意）②The atmosphere get thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
④The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
when，as，while总结
1、When可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。
2、While总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。
3、as多用于平行结构。表示两个动作同时发生：一个主语同时进行两个动作：一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化。
4、表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，when，while，as均可使用。从句中为be动词时，多用when和while。谈论两个同时进行的长动作可用while；谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as。
Fill in the blank with "when, while, as"
1. ______ you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary.
2. The students took notes ______ they listened.
3. ______ the wind rose the noise increased.
4. She called ______ I was out.
5. We must strike ______ the iron is hot.
6. ______ you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
7. I was just reading a book ______ she came into my room.
A car crashed into another car.
Can you tell us some other accidents?
What will you do if you see or meet an accident?
Fill in the blanks with 110 120 119 114 122
1. A: "Look out, there is a fire!"
   B: "Don't worry about it. Let's call ______ hotline.
2. A: "That boy fell from a tree and hurt badly."
   B: "Don't move him. Let's call ______ hotline.
3. If crimes such as stealing, robbery, fighting or killing happen, we will call ______ hotline.
4. A: "I want to order a big room for the family dinner tonight, but I don't know the restaurant's number."
   B: "You can call ______ hotline to ask it."
5. If traffic accidents happen, you will call ______.
Complete the dialogue:
Annie: What did you learn from yesterday's talk, Simon?
Simon: We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and (1)______.
Annie: Really? What should we do if our building is on fire?
Simon: We should try to (2)______ as soon as possible.
Annie: How can we protect ourselves from thick smoke?
Simon: We should use a (3)______ to cover our mouth and nose and never enter the building.
Annie: Well, what should we do when there's a flood?
Simon: We should get to (4)______. Remember that we shouldn't (5)______ through the flood water.
Annie: I see. What should we do when an earthquake happens?
Simon: Hide under a (6)______ desk or table. Stay away from a (7)______.
Annie: What shoutd we do to protect ourselves from traffic accidents?
Simon: We should always follow (8)______. Moreover, it's dangerous to sit, walk or ride a bicycle on (10)______.
Speak up: What should we do first?
Millie and Daniel are talking about first aid.
Millie: I burnt my hand when I was making pancakes at home. Do you know what to do first when we burn ourselves?
Daniel: Sure. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
Millie: I see. What should I do after that?
Daniel: Cover the burn with a clean towel.
Millie: Should I put any cream on it?
Daniel: No, you shouldn't. You should go and see the doctor.
Millie: All right. Thanks.
Study skills -- Compound words
合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词
合成名词
合成副词
合成形容词
合成代词
一、合成名词
1、名词+名词=名词
air + port = airport 机场
basket + ball = basketball 篮球
class + room = classroom 教室
silk + worm = silkworm蚕
2、形容词+名词=名词
black + board = blackboard 黑板
brief + case = briefcase 公文包
green + house = green-house 温室
short + hand = shorthand 缩写、速写
3、动词+名词=名词
play + ground = playground 操场
spring + board = springboard 跳板、出发点
pick + pocket = pickpocket 扒手、小偷
break + water = break-water 防洪堤
4、名词+动词=名词
sun + shine = sunshine 阳光
sun + set = sunset 日落 → sunrise 日出
5、动名词+名词=名词
reading-room 阅览室
waiting-room 等候室
living-room 起居室、客厅
sleeping-pills 安眠药
6、名词+现在分词=名词
hand + writing = handwriting 笔迹、书写体、书法  ~ on the wall 不详之兆
sight + seeing = sightseeing 观光、游览
7、动词+副词=名词
look + out = lookout 瞭望台、瞭望元
set + up = setup 装备
get-together 聚会
walk + out = walkout 罢工、中途离开
8、副词+名词=名词
back + ground = background 背景、经历
down + town = downtown 市中心
           → uptown 住宅区
二、合成副词
1、副词+副词
furthermore 而且、此外；however 然而、无论如何
2、代词+副词
somehow 以某种方式；anywhere 在任何地方
3、副词+名词
overhead 在头顶/空中/高处；downstairs 在楼下
4、形容词+名词
anyway 不管怎样，无论如何；meanwhile 同时，其间
三、合成形容词
1、形容词+现在分词
good-looking 好看的，漂亮的；slow-moving 低速的；easy-going 随和的
2、名词+现在分词
man-eating 食人的；peace-loving 爱好和平的
3、副词+现在分词
forthcoming 即将到来的；outstanding 优秀的，突出的
4、名词+过去分词
air-conditioned 有空调装置的：man-made 人造的，人为的
5、形容词+过去分词
grey-haired 白发苍苍的；middle-aged 中年的
6、形容词+名词
first-rate 一流的；second-hand 二手的，用过的；
bare-foot 光脚的；high-class 高级的
7、副词+副词
faraway 远方的
四、合成代词
1、人称代词宾格的第二人称+self/selves
himself，herself，itself，themselves
物主代词的一、二人称+self/selves
e.g. myself 我自己，yourself 你自己，ourselves 我们自己
Help yourself. 别客气，请随便用。
Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心！
by myself 单独、独自 → I would rather travel ~.
2、不定代词
some, any, no, every + body/one/thing
e.g. someone 某人；anything 任何事情
     nobody 没有人；everybody 每人、人人
Main task
Look at the pictures about Beijing snowstorm and say something about it.
A snowstorm hit Beijing on Friday, 5th January.
This is Sandy. She experienced(经历) the snowstorm.
Sandy was doing homework and Mr Wu told her to go home early.
What did Sandy do?
Sandy shared an umbrella with Millie. Because she forgot to bring her keys.
How was the snowstorm?
The snowstorm was terrible.
They could only hear the wind, snow continued to fall.
They lost their umbrella in the wind and Sandy nearly fell over.
What did they see?
They saw many people at the bus stop.
What did Sandy hear?
The next morning, Sandy heard the noise of the traffic, and she looked out of the window.
What were people doing after the snowstorm?
After the snowstorm, people were working hard to clear the snow.
Let's try our best to say something about it!
         Snowstorm hit Beijing
A snowstorm hit Beijing on Friday, (1)_______.
It got worst in the afternoon. I (2)____________ in the classroom when Mr Wu came in and told us (3)__________ early. My parents could not get home that night because of the heavy snow, so Millie asked me to go to her home.
I (4)__________ an umbrella with her while we were walking to the bus stop. The weather was really terrible. The (6)______ kept falling around us. We could only hear the (5)______ blowing.
Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. I lost my (7)______ in the wind
and I nearly fell over. We had to (8)______ slowly in the deep storm. When we arrived the bus stop, we saw many people (9)______ there. At last, we got on a bus went to Millie's home.
I stayed at Millie's home that night. I heard the noise of (10)______ the next morning. People were trying to (11)______ the snow from the streets.
Let's know the structure!
introduction → When and where was the disaster?
during the disaster → Where was I?
                       What did I do?
                       What happened to me?
                       What did I hear?
                       What did I see?
after the disaster → Where was I?
                      What did I hear?
                      What did I see?
                      How did I feel?