课程内容

《Natural elements》Unit 5 Water（Grammar,Study skills,Culture corner）
Grammar
Talking about quantities
Read the following sentences to undersrand "a lot of","a little","(not) much"and "how much".
·How much water is there on Earth?
·There is a lot of water on Earth.
·How much water is drinkable?
·Only a little water is drinkable.
(There is not much fresh water.)
Answer the following questions about quantities.
How many books are there in your school?
There are a lot of books.
How many exercise books are there in your schoolbag?
There are a few(not many) exercise books.

Work out the rule
·We use how much,a little nad (not) much with (countable/uncountable)nouns.
·We use how many,a few and (not) many with (countable/uncountable)nouns.
·We use a lot of and no with both countable and uncountable nouns.

Things to remember
We usually use much in negative sentences.
There is not much fresh water.
·在非正式文体中，肯定句常用a lot of而非much或many。
eg:I have much bread.(语调上没有问题，但是听起来感觉很古怪。)
I have a lot of bread.(这是比较常见的说法。)
·在非正式文体中，疑问句或否定句中常用much来修饰不可数名词；使用many来修饰复数可数名词。
eg:Do you have much water?
I don't have much water?
Are there many apples on the table?
There aren't many apples on the table.

Grammar exercise
A Look at the pictutres below and on page 64.Then complete the wuestions and answers.
Q:Is there a lot of water in the pool?
A:No,there's _________.
Q:Is there a lot of water in the pool?
A:Yes,there's ________.
Q:How much water is there in the pool?
A:There are 157,500 litres of water in the pool.
Q:Are there many people in the pool?
A:Yes,there are many peolpe in the pool.
Q:How many people are there in the pool?
A:There are 10 people in the pool.

Learn about
too much,too many,too little,too few and (not) enouch.
We can use too much,too many,too little,too few and (not) enough to talk about quantities.
Quantities         Examples
more than enough   too much water        too many oranges
not enough         too little milk       too few eggs
just right         enough salt           enough onions

Work out the rule
We use too many and too few with (countable/uncountable)nouns.
We use too much and too little with (countable/uncountable)nouns.
We use (not) enough with both countable and uncountable nouns.
enough在句中的位置：
enough+n.
v./adj./adv./+enough

Grammer exercise
B Dora and Jane wante cook orange beef.They are checking whether they have enough ingredients.Complete their conversations.
Orange beef
Ingredients
450g beef       15ml orange jucie
3 orange        12g sugar
2 onions        10ml cooking oil
enough
how many
how much
too little
too much
Dora and Jane have:
orange juice     20ml
sugar            5g
cooking oil      100ml
onions           0
beef             200g
oranges          1
Dora:Do we have _____ beef,Jane?
Jane:No,we don't.We only have 200 grams.
Dora:We need to buy some more beef.
Jane:We don't have any!
Dora:Let's buy two onions then.

Dora:______ cooking oil do we have?
Jane:We have 100 ml,That's more than enouth,We shouldn't add ______ cooking oil.
Dora:Do we need to buy any sugar?
Jane:Yes,we do.We only have five grams.The dish will be too sour if we add ____      sugar.By the way,We have ______ orange juice.
Dora:Great!Let's go to the supermarket now!

More exercise
Using the conversation btween Dora and Jane as an example,choose a recipe and make a similar conversation.
Ingredients for pizza toast         You and your friend have:
a few pieces of bread               a bag of bread
three sausages                      two sausages
a piece of cheese                   two pieces of cheese
two green peppers                   ten green peppers
a tin of tomato sauce               no tomato sauce

Ingredients for pizza toast         You and your friend have:
100g sugar                          sugar 50g
200g flour                          flour 400g
100g butter                         butter 0
100g icing sugar                    icing 200g
some milk                           milk 0
some chocolate powder               chocolate powder a packet

Study skills
Besides a contents page,how can you find information in a book quickly?
What is an "index"?

Exercise
Where can you leatn about the following information?Look at the index below.
Write the correct key words and page numbers in the spaces.
1 how farmers use water
2 which kinds of water we can drink
3 how people use sea water
4 famous lakes in China
5 how people treat dirty water
6 water pollution
Find a book with both a contents page an index.Compare the differences between them.
a.目录中各主题的排列顺序与书中出现的顺序是一致的，而且目录内中还出现章节号；而索引的各主题是以字母表顺序排列的，提供了更多的细节内容。
b.目录通常出现在书的开头，基本上所有的书都有目录；而索引通常出现在书的末尾，且不是所有的书都有索引。

Culture corner
What do you know about the cit of Venice?
Does Venice have any nicknames?
What are they?
Why do they have these nicknames?
Venice
Venice is famous throughout the world.People also call it the "Floating City" and the "City of Water" because the whole city is on the water--there are over 117 small islands and over 400 bridges in this city.One of the best ways to see the city is on a gondola --a traditional boat.

Gondola--- the best way to see the city
Taking a gondola ride through the canals of Venice can be very romantic,but it can also be costly.
A standard gondola ride is 40 minutes.If you negotiate for a lower fare.you'll end up with a shorter ride.Gondola fares are highter at night.A gondola holds six people and can be shared without affecting the fee.Therefore,you can save money by sharing it with several people.If you book a gondola ride through a hotel or agency,there's likely to be an additional fee.

Homework
1.以“What can we do to save water?”为题，提出节约用水的建议（至少6条建议）。
尽量使用限定词a lot of,a little,a few,(not) much,(not)many,no,too much,too many,too little,too few,(not)enough等。
2.上网查询威尼斯的介绍，进一步了解这座城市。