课程内容
《完形填空》
考纲要求与说明
完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识,又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判段、推理等方面的思维能力,具有较强的区分度,对考生的能力要求较高。
明天原理
一篇文章有其主要思想,篇章结构,行文逻辑关系及语言特色,即使挖去一些词语,仍可通过对剩余部分的内容所作的分析与判断,准确推知空去的词语。
试题类型
按照试题层次可分为四个类型:
1.单词层次(用于考查单词拼写或词性变换)
2.词组层次(考查词组的固定搭配)
3.句子层次(考查句法内容)
4.语篇层次(考查对全文的把握)
今年来的高空试题已没有单词层次的试题,主要为句子层次和语篇层次。
主要失分原因:
1.不善于抓住文中的主旨大意,片面理解,具体表现是边看边填。
2.不善于逻辑推理,容易受思维定势的干扰,忽视特定语境中知识的应用。
3.对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理,对完形填空处于应付状态,解题能力得不到提高。
解题方法:
总的原则:先完意,后完形。
十二字方针:上下求索,左顾右盼,思前想后。
三部曲:读-填-读
十二字方针:
1.上下求索-寻信息
因为答案信息点有的在空格前,有的在后,有的在前文和后都有出现,需要综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时,还要根据上,下文提供的信息,结合常识,适当的逻辑推理,才可得出正确答案。
例:The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27(B )who were getting off the bus should get off first,and stidents who were geeting on should get on28(B ).
27 A parents B students C teachers D drivers
28 A sooner B later C faster D earlier.
2.左顾右盼-找搭配
答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构,注意,常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系,这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。
例:On April 12,1888,Alfred's brother died of heart attack.A major French newspaper21(C) his brother for him...
A found B misunderstood C mistook D judged
3.思前想后-通全文
有时,若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错,句子也通顺,但结合全文内容来理解,就只有一个是最佳答案。因为,选择答案时,一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全文。
例 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great (D) the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.
A additions B sacrifices C changes D contributions
解析:若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以,make great contributions 作出巨大贡献;从文章内容或常识来看,诺内尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“做出过巨大贡献”的人,故只选D.
高考完形填空考什么?
词语同现
某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的可能性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为“词场”。如catch和cold,ill和doctor,big和samll等。
一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题,与此相关的词就可能会共同出现,以实现语篇衔接,如2011年广东高考完形的短文,是围绕把优生从普通班里分出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的,涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“优生”“普通生”,以及学校、老师、学习等等,因此,special,gifted,intelligent,top,regular,average,school,claaaes,teachers,children,learning 这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇中,了解词语同现,对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。
例:The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes thses children are held back in their intellectual(智力的)growth by(C) situation that has been designed for the average children.
A designing B grouping C learning D living
解析:与classes,children,intellectual同现的单词,很可能是learning,故选C.
前后搭配
主要指动词与介词的搭配,动宾搭配及句式搭配等。高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。能不能搭配,除涉及词语的用法外,还需结合常识来判断。
例:I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom of talk with them( D)the telephone.
A in B by C from D on
根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义
Cassie looked at me,and her glare(D).I lughed,She smiled...
A returned B remained C increased D softened
根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择
将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理,逻辑推理离不开背景常识。
例:In South Korea,we do not need to wait for people to get off.One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bus doors opened,I (C)tried to get on the school bus through the front door.
A politely B patiently C unconsciously D slowly
解析:由前文可知,因为韩国不必等别人下了车再上,作者当时是初来美国的韩国人,在韩国土生土长,由常识可知,作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车,所以看到校车将门打开后,就“无意识地,不知不觉地”上车了,故选C。
利用语法分析解题
(D) is known to us all,there is not enough water in all places for every-one to use as much as he likes.
A That B It C What D As
逻辑手段
根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案,逻辑关系包括因果关系,对比关系,并列关系,转折关系,让步关系,递进关系,条件与结果的关系等
Jenna,a polular girl from Westwood Middle School,had gradusted first in her class and was ready for new challenges in high school.(B),high school was different.
A Therefore B However转折关系 C Otherwise D Besides
突破完形并不难
掌握方法是关键
勤于练习多思考
完形能力步步高
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