课程内容

《形容词 副词》
形容词，副词的基本用法
一、形容词、副词的主要功能
1.形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。在句中主要做定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。如：
He can speak fluent English.(作定语）
We find the boy considerate.(作宾补）
No one is born wise.(作主补）
He walked in the snow,cold and hungry.（作伴随状语）
Afraid of difficulties ,they took the easy road.(作原因状语）
2.副词可作状语，表语，补语，定语和插入语。如：
翻译下列句子，指出画线副词在句中的成分。
1）It is more likely for those who work hard to achieve their goals.
勤奋的人实现目标的肯呢噶行更大。hard在句中作状语。
2）People here tend to think hot food unhealthy.
这儿的人倾向于认为辣的食物不健康。here在句中作定语。
3.Hold on,please!The manager isn't up yet.
请稍候，经理还没起床。up在句中作表语。
4.Please keep your handbag outside.
提包请勿入内，outside 在句中作宾补.
5.Generally,when heated,metals expand.
通常来说，金属受热膨胀。generally作插入语。
3.副词作状语还可以是用作修饰性状语，评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语时现在考查的重点，如：
He spoke English fairly fluently.(修饰性状语）
Fortunately,none of them was hurt.(评注性状语）
His first response was to say no.Later,however,he changed his mind.（连接性状语）
副词常见类别有：
1.时间副词：常见的油now,then,soon,ago,recently,lately,later,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,suddenly,immediately,still,already,just等
2.地点副词：常见的有here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,upstairs,downstairs等
3.方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，如quietly,heavily,warmly,carefully,happily,politely,angrily等
4.频度副词：常见的有always,usually,often,frequently,constantly,occasionally,sometimes,seldom,hardly,rarely,never等
5.程度副词：常见的有fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,deeply,partly,profectly,really等
6.连接副词：这类副词在语义上起连接作用，但用法上为副词，常见连接副词有therefore,beside,otherwise,however,moreover,furthermore,still,thus,meanwhile等
7.关系副词：就是引导定语从句的when,where,why等
8.疑问副词：就是关系引导特殊疑问句的when,where，why,how等
二、形容词、副词的位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常放在名词前做置定语或放在系动词后做表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或句子，一般为与形容词前，动词后或句子之首或句尾。一下几种为特殊情况，须牢记：
（1）形容词短语作定语，需后置。
a language fiffcult to master
(2)表语形容词（afraid,alike,alone,asleep等）作定语，定语后置。如：a man alive
(3）用作定语，修饰由不定式代词one,no,any,some 和every构成的复合词如something,常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(4)几个并列的形容词作定语，语序为：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。
诠释：限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词）+数词（序数词、基数词）+描绘性形容词（nice,good,interesting,beautiful...)+特征形容词（大小、长短、高低+形状+年龄、新旧）+颜色+国籍、出处+物质材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
The little wooden house looks as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
这个木制小房子看上去好像多年没人住过了。
all these last few days最近的这些日子
a light blue silk skirt   一条浅蓝色的丝裙
形容词、副词的级别
1.表示倍数的三个句型
(1)...time as +形容词原级+as...
This table is 3 times as big as that one.
(2)...times the+性质名词+of...
This table is 3 times the size of that one.
(3)...times+形容词比较级+than...
This table is 2 times bigger than that one.
2.不同程度级的比较，用as...as,the same as,such...as 引导；
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利不如我的书多。
3.the+比较级...，the+比较级...
The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you .
你说得越多，他越不注意你。
4.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越...”
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.新城变得越来越美丽。
5.the+比较级+of the two+名词：
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。
6.用介词by 表示相差的程度。
She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。
7.一个人的两种品质的比较，用more...than 结构：
I think she's more shy than unfriendly.
与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。
8.否定+比较级=最高级
There is no greater love than of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
特殊结构和固定搭配
1.too...to句型的两个意义
（1）表示否定意义，意为“太...而不能"。如：
This question is too hard for me to understand.这个问题太难，我理解不了。
The flower is too beautiful to last.花太美，难经久。
(2)表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy,ready,eager,willing,thankful,delighted等形容词，too表示”很，非常“之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all,but,only等词时，形成only too/all too...to do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：
I'm too glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我非常高兴。
He's only too pleased to pick her up.他非常高兴去接她。
2.A is to B what C is to D.
“A对于B就如C 对于D。”如：
Engines are to machines what hearts are to manimals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
Air is to us water is to fish.
3.than的习惯用语
（1）more than意为“超过，多于；十分，非常；不仅仅”。
如：She is more than kind to us all.她对我们非常热心。
I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival.对他的突然到来我非常吃惊。
（2）more...than意为“与其...不如”。如：
He was more frightened than hurt.
与其说他受到伤害不如说他受到了惊吓。
（3）rather than意为“而非，不，宁愿...也不”（would/had rether...than)如：
Rather than take a bus to  school,I'd prefer to walk.
我宁愿步行上学也不愿乘车。
4.有些不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念或用于比喻意义。
high 空间高度 The plane was flying high.
highly 高度地，非常地 I think highly of your opinion.注意短语：aim high 心怀大志，志向高远
deep 空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
deeply 深深地 Even father was deeply moved by the film.
注意搭配：deep/far into the night 到深夜
wide 空间宽度 He opened the door wide.
widely 广泛地，普遍地 English is widely used in the world.
注意短语：be wide awake 完全清醒
close 接近地，紧紧地  He is witting close to  me.
closely 仔细地，严密地  Wathch him closely.
5.有些副词有两种形式，词义差别较大
 late 晚，迟  You have come too late.
lately  最近 What have you been doing lately(=recently)?
free 免费You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
freely 自由地 You may speak freely;say what you like.
most 很，非常，最He is most kind to me.
mostly 主要地，大部分She is mostly at home on Sundays.
hard 努力地Think harder.
hardly 几乎不，简直不 I can hardly understand you .
考点过关
1.（2011年高考陕西卷）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be(B) the present one.
A as three times big as       B three times as big as    C as big as three times      D as big three times as
2.(2011年济宁模拟）John,who is seventeen this year,usually eats (B) his father does.No wonder he is growing taller.
A twice more than as much as
B more than twice as much as
C twice as much as more than
D twice as more than much as
解析：选B。考察英语中的倍数表达法。表示倍数时，可用“倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+比较对象”。在倍数之前还可用more than,over,less than等修饰语。因此答案为B。
3.（2011年福州模拟）When you study the local map,you'll find this town is(A).
A twice the size of that one
B twice as a large town as that
C twice as larger as that one
D twice as arger a town as that
解析：先A。句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is+倍数+the+名词+（如size/length)+of B;B项中不定冠词未知错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。
4.（2011年高考江西卷）-The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
-Why?It's (A) than the films I have ever seen.
A far more interesting    B much less interesting       C no more interesting    D any less interesting
解析：选A
句意：-我不得不说这部电影真的没有意思。
-为什么？它比我之前看过的所有电影都有意思.
5.（2011年高考大纲全国卷）Mr.Stevenson is great to work for -I really couldn't ask for a (A) boss.
A better    B good   C best    D still better
解析：选A 。本题考查形容词的比较级。句意：为史蒂文森先生工作告绝非常好-我真的再也找不到比他更好的老板了。从句中信息couldn't可以得知，此处是对not...better...的考查。英语中”否定词+形容词比较级“相当于形容词的最高级
6.（2011年江西七校高三联考）（B），the driver looked at the vast desert without knowing if he could get across safely.
A Tiredly and sadly    B Tired and sad  
C Tired and sadly   D Tiredly and sad
解析：选B。考查形容词作伴随状语。句意：又累又伤心，这个司机看着广阔的沙漠，不知道自己能否安全穿越。此处主语为the driver,此处用形容词作伴随状语来描述主语的状态。
7.Nowadays,there is a (A) increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to developed their talents.
A sharp    B slight   C natural   D modest
解析：选A。本题考查形容词解析。句意：如今，儿童的创造力急剧增强，因为他们被大大贵去发展他们的才能。sharp急剧的；slight 微小的；natural 自然的，modest 适度的，根据句意可知，正确答案为A 项。
8.（C），I managed to ger through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A Hopefully    B Normally     C Thankfully    D Conveniently 
解析：选C。本题考查副词辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的新款最终都是值得的。Hopefully满怀希望地；normally正常地；thankfully感激地；conveniently方便地。根据句意判断，答案为C 项。