课程内容

《状语从句-情态动词（2）》
（五）need 和dare
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词need/dare的用法
1.（1）I need a dictionary,so I need to go to the bookstore.我需要一本词典，因此我要去趟书店。
（2）How often does your hair need washing (to be washed)?你的头发需要多久洗一次？
（3）You don't need to wash your car every day.你不比每天洗车。
2.（1）It's only eight o'clock.Need you go so early?才8点，你需要去那么早吗？
（2）You needn't tell him about it as I have told him.你不必跟他说那件事，我已经告诉他了。
3.（1）I dare jump down from the top of the wall.我敢从那墙头上跳下来。
（2）She doesn't dare (to)meet her teacher's eyes.她不敢与老师对视。
4.（1）How dare she do things like that to me?
她怎么敢对我做那样的事情？
（2）Most girls daren't catch the mouse.
大多数女孩子不敢捉老鼠。
（3）If you dare say that to our teacher,I would ote for you.
假如你敢把那件事告诉老师，我就会投你的赞成票。
need 既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，其主要用法如下：
1.可用作实义动词，意为“需要；必要”，后面可接名词、动词或动词不定式等作宾语。其否定式和疑问句式借助动词进行变化。
2.need 作情态动词，通常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接动词原形。这时need 没有人称和数的变化，也没有时态的变化。
dare 既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，其主要用法如下：
1.可用作实义动词，此时其后接动词不定式，但在否定句中to可以省略，且dare 有人称和数以及时态的变化。
2.dare作情态动词，主要用于疑问句和否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。没有人称和数的变化，但可以有过去式形式。
（六）used to和ought to
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词used to/ought to的用法
1.I used to write poetry when I was young.
我年轻时常常写诗（现在不写了）。
2.（1）He usedn't to come here.他过去不常来这儿。
（2）He didn't use to come here.他过去不常来这儿。
(3)Used he to come here?他过去常来这儿吗？
（4）Did he use to come here?他过去常来这儿吗？
3.We ought to leave at once.我们应该马上离开。
4.That ought to be enough food for all of us.那些应该够我们大家吃的了。
5.（1）He ought not to go now,ought he?
他现在不该走，是吗？
（2）Ought we to have our clothes washed by our parents?
我们该让父母为我们洗衣服吗？
1.used to的意思是“过去经常，而现在已经终止的动作或状态”。其中的to 是不定式符号不是介词，所以其后接动词原形。
2.used to作为情态动词，可直接在used后加not 构成否定式，直接将used 置于句首构成疑问句式，但与一般的情态动词不用的，它可像普通动词那样借助助动词did 构成否定式和疑问式，此时used 改为use.
3.ought to 表示义务或责任，意为“应该”。
4.ought to表示推断，意为“应该”，“可能”
5.在否定句中ought not 或oughtn't，在疑问句中将ought 提到主语之前
七  had better  would rather
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词had better/would rathero的用法
1.(1)You'd better work out a plan for your future career.你最好为日后的职业生涯做出规划。
（2）He had better fly to Beijing,which saves quite a lot of time.他最好坐飞机去北京，这样节约大量时间。
（3）We'd better not blame each other before the truth comes out.事情没弄清楚之前，我们最好不要花互相指责。
（4）Hadn't we better have a discussion about the coming school sports meet?
关于下次潇运会，我们是否最好讨论一下？
2.（1）Liu Hulan would rather die than give in.刘胡兰宁死不屈。
（2）I would spend more time on my work rather than turn to others for help.
工作方面，我宁愿多花些时间也不愿求助别人。
（3）Rather than refuse to help you,I would borrow money from my friends.
我宁可向我的朋友借钱，也不会拒绝帮助你。
（4）I'd rather you paid me in csh.
我宁愿你付我现金。
（5）I'd rather we hadn't seen each other before.我宁愿我们以前互不认识。
（6)I would rather not have such a car,which always breaks down halfway.我宁愿没有这样一辆总是半途抛锚的车。
had better 的主要用法如下：
1.意思为“最好”，表达建议，后接动词原形
2.had为固定用词，不可改为has或have
3.其否定式为had better not,不可为had not better
4.其疑句形式常为否定式，即Hadn't sb./sth. better do?
would rather 的主要用法如下：
1.常见句式为sb. would rather do...than do...,意思是“宁愿做什么而不愿做什么”。注意than后面的内容为否定项：
2.句式为sb. would rather do...than do...可改为sb. would do...rather than do...
3.上述句式中rather than do可提前至句首：Rather than do...,sb. would do...
4.would rather 可以接宾语从句，表达与现在或将来以及过去相反的愿望。表达与现在或将来的愿望相反时，从句动词一律用一般过去时，表达与过去相反的愿望时，从句动词用过去完成时；
5.would rather do 的否定式为would rather not do.
八 must 和have to
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词must/have to的用法
1（1）You must do as you are told.你必须遵属行事。
（2）-Must we hand in our duty report before school is over?
-Yes,you must ./No,you needn't./No,you don't have to.
-我们必须放学前上交值日报告吗？
-是的，必须/不是，不必
2.（1）They must be in the room,for the light is on.
他们一定在房间，因为灯是亮的。
（2）He must be listening to music now.He can't hear us.他一定在听音乐，（所以）听不到我们说说话
（3）This kind of book must have been sold out last month.这种书上个月一定卖完了。
3. All men must die.人必有一死
4.If you must go,at least wwait till the rain stops.如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
5.The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。
must 的主要用法有：
1.在肯定句，疑问句中表示必须、命令或强制，意为“必须，得”。在否定句中表禁止，意为“不得，决不可”；
2.表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。推测句式有三种，分别是对现在所处的状态或正字啊进行的动作以及过去所处的装填或发生动作的推测，说话者语气十分肯定。must +be...(现在）一定是或出于某种状态；must be doing (现在）一定正在做某事；must have done sth 过去一定做了某事
3.表示不可避免性，意为“必然要，必定会”。
4.表示主张意为“一定要，坚持要”；
5.表示出乎意料或与愿望相反，意为“偏要”。
have to的主要用法有：
1.侧重客观上的必须，可译为“不得不”；
2.have to 有时态变化。一般现在时为have/has to;过去时为had to,将来时为will have to
4.have to的否定形式是don't have to,相当于needn't.
二 情态动词的考点归纳：
（一）情态动词的特殊考点
（1）can,could 多用于否定句和疑问句表推测，但在肯定句表推测时，表示一时的可能性
（2）must 表示“偏要，硬要干某事”。
（3）may放在句首表示祝愿
（4）will,表意愿；would 表示过去的某种倾向或习惯性动作，译作“过去常常，习惯做某事”。
（5）should 表示惊讶和惊奇；表推测，“该...”
（6）shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示允诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心和法律条文所规定的人人遵守的规章制度
（二）不同的“推测”程度按下列层次排列
He is at home.(事实）
He must be at home.(非常肯定的推断）
He ought to/should be at home.(很可能）
He may be at home.(仅仅可能而已）
He might be at home.(或许，非常不确定）
He might not be at home.(也许不在家）
He may not be at home.(比might 可能大）
He couldn't be at home.(很可能不在家）
He can't be at home.(不可能在家）
He isn't at home.(事实）
（三）情态动词+have done
(1)should/shouldn't have done sth
本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩
ought/oughtn't to have done sth
本不该做某事却做了，有抱怨的口气
（2）may/might have done本可以、也许做了某事
（3）must have done 一定做过了某事
（4）can/could have done 本来能够做、本可以做某事
can't /couldn't have done 不可能做过某事
（5）needn't have done sth 本来没必要做某事
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词+have done 的用法
1.（1）It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的
（2）Mr/Smith can't have gone to Beijing ,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他，
2.（1）-What has happened to George?
-I don't know.He may have got lost.
-乔治发生了什么事？
-我不知道，他可能迷路了。
3.Tom ,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作过本来应该昨天就做完的。
4.I needn't have bought so much wine-only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了5个人。
1.You (D) your tooth pilled out before it rot competely.
A had better got     B had to get better      C had better to get    D had better get
2.When we got to the cinema,the film hasn't started yet,so we(D).
A needn't hurry       B didn't need hurry    C needn't to hurry    D needn't have hurried
3.It was really vey dangerous;you (A) him seriously.
A might have injured      B could injure    C shold have injured     D must injure
4.As he had heart attack,he was told that he (C) continue the work.
A needn't   B may not   C mustn't    D can't
5.We ought to help each other in our work,(A)?
A oughtn't we    B should  we     C shouldn't we      D ought to we
6.Two eyes (A) see more than one.
A can    B may   C will   D should
7.When I got to the cinema,the film had already started;I (B) there earlier.
A ought to get       B ought to have got     C must have got    D must get
8.I thought you (B)like something to read,so I have brought you some books.
A may    B might   C would   D must
9.Where is my pen?I (D) it.
A might lose    B would have lost    C should have lost    D must have lost
10 I didn't hear the phone.I (B) asleep.
A must be     B must have been   C should be    D should have been