课程内容

《名词性从句考点总结-状语从句》
名词性从句的考点
（1）连接词的选用
（2）语序
（3）时态
（4）和其他从句的区别
名词性从句中的连接词有：
连词 that,whether/if  as if(though),beacuse
连接代词  what/who/which/whose/whom/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever
连接副词   where/when/why/how/whatever/whenever
一、连接词的选用
选用连接词时，先看名词性从句句子结构是否完整（结构完整是指句子中不可缺少主语，宾语，有时是表语和定语）（1）如句子结构不完整，应从连接代词里面选（因为，连接代词在句中作主语，宾语，表语和定语）：（2）如句子结构完整，应从连词和连接副词里面选。在这里面，只有that物词义，其它全按词义选
1.The villagers have already known (C) we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A this   B that   C what   D which
2.When the news came(C) the war broke out,he decides to serve in the army.
A since    B which    C that    D because
3.Before problem can be solved,it must be obvious (A) the problem itself is.
A what   B that   C which   D why
二、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序
(1)that和whether /if 引导的从句用陈述语序
She wonder (if/whether the buses would still be running .
She sensed (that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.)
(2)连接副词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。
Could you tell me where he lives?
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
三、名词性从句的时态
名词性从句的时态主要考查宾语从句中时态
1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时，从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。
他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。
He belives (his dream will come true sme day.)
请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。
Please tell me (what you were doing at this time yeaterday.)
2.如果主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态，但从句表达的是真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me (he was preparing for the examination.)
他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me(he had been away from his hometown for ten years.)
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher told us (light travels in a straight line.)
3.在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性句中常用虚拟语气 suggest(建议） ，propose,order,insist(坚决要求）,command,require,request,recommend(建议）advise...,包括宾语从句的时态，其相应名词的同位语从句，表语从句的时态也应用虚拟语气，即should+do/be,should 可省去不要。
He suggested that we (should) go there at once.
He suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.
He suggestion that we (should) go there at once is right.
状语从句：包括时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、让步、原因、比较、方式状语从句
一、时间状语从句
考点1 when,while 和as 的区别
1.when意为“在...时刻或时期”，它可指“时间点或时间段”，它引导的状语从句的谓语既可用延续性动词或系动词be表示状态，又可用非延续性动词。when引导的从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生，又可先于或后于主句的动作
When you arrive in London,please give us a call.当到达伦敦时给我们打电话。
When they came home,I was cooking dinner.他们回到家时，我正在做晚饭。
2.while只指“时间段”，它引导的从句的谓语必须用延续性动词或系动词be 表示状态。
While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell.就在吃早餐的时候，他听到了门铃声。
We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。
While I was reading ,he was playing.我在读书时，他在玩
3.as意为“一边...一边...”或“随着...”，着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。
He looked behind as he walked.
他一边走一边回头望。
As the days went on,the weather got worse.
随着时间的推移天气越来越糟糕。
考点2 as soon as,(1)directly,instantly,immediately;(2)the moment/minute/instant/second;(3)no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when/before...
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一...就...”，如果no sooner,hardly,scarely 放在句首，句子要倒装。
I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。
I want to see him the moment he arrives.希望他到我就见到他。
We had hardly sat down to supper when the telephone rang.
She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears.她刚一说完，泪水便夺眶而后出。
考点3 the first/second...last time （在第一次/第二/最后时)；every/each/any time(每一次、任何一次...时）；the next time(下一次....时)，这些名词短语充当连词，引导时间状语从句
Every time I hear that song,I feel happy.我每次听到那首歌都感到愉快、
Next time you come here,let us have lunch together.下一次你来这里，咱们一起吃午饭吧。

The first I saw him,I like him.我第一次看到她，我就喜欢上他了。
考点4 before 引导的时间状语从句
before 意为“在...之前”，还可表示下列意思：“还未...就...，不到...就...，..才...，趁...；还没来得及...就....
We had said four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看见了陆地。
We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在还没忘，把它记来
Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
考点5 since
since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句的时态应是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。
在“It is/has been+一般时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律才since 从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发已有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar).我不吸烟有三年了。
考点6 until/till和not...until 引导的时间状语从句
1.肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性谓语动词，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”。
You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这儿可以呆到雨停。
2.否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，意为“某动作知道某时才开始”、
He won't go to bed till she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
3.not...until句型中的强调和到倒装用法。
I didn't have any idea of it until you told me.
It was until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.知道你告诉我，我才对它有点儿印象。
考点7 by the time
by the time 意为“到...时候为止”。by the time 引导的时间状语从句一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
He will have learned English for eight years by the time be graduates from the university next year.到他明年大学毕业时，他就学了八年英语了。
二、where 引导的地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你应该养成习惯，把东西放在你能再找到的地方。
Where there is a wall,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。