课程内容

《语法专题-非谓语动词（1）》
动词-ing(现在分词和动名词）作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语
V-ing做主语
Playing with fire is dangerous.
表示一般或抽象的经常性的行为
Be careful!To play with fire will be dangerous.
具体的或一次性的动作
考点：常用it代-ing 作形式主语的句型有：
It+be+ a waste of time doing sth
做...是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing sth
做....是没好/用处的
It is/was worthwhile doing
做...是值得的
There is no doing
无法....：不允许...
Playing computer games is no good.=It's no good playing computer games.
V-ing 做宾语
1.We should often practise [speaking](speak)English every day.
2.He devoted his life to[studying](study)automic theory.
3.He hopes [to find](find) a job soon.
4.Missing the hus means [waiting](wait) for another two hours.
5.The bike needs repairing/to repaired.
1.只接v-ing 作宾语的常见动词
avoid,miss;put off,advise,suggest,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,can't,help,admit,deny,envy,eacape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind.
记忆诀窍
避免错过（少）延期，建议完成多练习；喜欢想象禁不住；承认否认与嫉妒；避免冒险莫原原谅；忍受保持（不）介意
2.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语
insist on,object to, be good at,lead to,pur off,gove up,feel like,look forward to, devote to,be worth ,get used to,pay attention to
3.既跟动名词又跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
(1)forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be uesd to ,can't help后跟动名词和不定式区别较大，须注意。
forget,regert,remember后跟动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。
try to=do one's best to do尽力做某事
try doing sth试着做某事
go on doing 继续做原来做的事
go on to do 接着做另一件事
mean doing意味着要做某事
mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下来去做（别的事）
(2)begin,start,continue,like,love,hate等后面接动词不定式和动名词，意思没有多大变化
(3)need/want/require/deserve dooing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.
My hair needs to be cut.
My hair needs cutting.
三、动词-ing形式作表语
我们最大的幸福是为人民服务
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.(动名词)
Our task is building our country.(动名词)
我们昨晚点的电影十分动人。
The film we saw last night is quite moving.(现在分词）
他的话很鼓舞人。
His words are encouraging.(现在分词)
怎样区分表语是现在分词和动名词
（1）动名词作表语和主语时等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。
（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very,rather等。
常用来作表语的现在分词有：译作“令人...”
astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。
四、动词-ing形式作定语
我们可以改进工作方法。
We can improve our working method.
他们将手术台设在一座庙里。
They set up an operating table in a smal temple.
中国是发展中国家。
China is a developing country.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
怎样区分定语是现在分词和动名词
动名词作定语用来说明该名词的作用和用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。
五、动词-ing形式作宾补
动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。例如：
我看见他正在上路。
I saw him going upstais.
我们看着她在过大街。
We watched her crossing the street.
我们听见她在房间里唱歌。
We heard her singing in her room.
提示：接现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：
（一）感官及物动词
feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,observe,notice,find,smell
（二）使役动词：
have,keep,leave,get,catch
(六)动词-ing 形式作状语
doing sth    与谓语动词同时发生的动作（和主句的主语时主动关系，主语时动作的执行者）
Following the teacher,the students came into the classroom.
being+done  强调与谓语动词同时发生的动作（和主句的主语时被动关系，主语时动作的承受者）
Being followed by the students,the teacher came into the classroom.
having done 先于谓语动词发生的动作
（和主句的主语时主动关系，主语时动作的执行者）
Having finished the homework,the students went home.
having been done 先于谓语动词发生的动作
（和主句的主语时被动关系，主语是动作的承受者）
Having been separsted from her husband for years,she felt lonely.
1.It took the workmen only two hours to finish (A )my car.
A repairing     B repair    C to repair   D repaired
2.Have you forgotten (A)$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember ( )it tomorrow?
A borrowing;to bring         B to borrow;bring      C borrowed;bringing    D borrowing;bringing
3.The classroom wants(D).
A clean    B cleaned   C to clean   D cleaning
4.Jack said that he wouldn't mind (C) for us.
A to wait   B wait   C waiting  D waited
5.Keep on(D) and you will succeed.
A atry    B try   C trying   D trying
6.His parents insist on (C) to college.
A he should go   B he go    C his going   D him to go
7.The story was so funny that we (C).
A couldn't    B can't but laugh    C couldn't help laughing      D couldn't help but to laugh
8.Though it sounds a bit too dear,it is worth(B).
A being bought    B buying   C to buy   D buying it
9.He devoted his life to ( C)the atomic theory.
A study   B be studied   C studying  D have studied
10.We are both lloking forward to(A) next week.
A going on vocation    B go on vocation     C be going on vocation    D have gone on vocation
动词ed形式（作表语，定语 宾语补足语和状语)
一、过去分词的形式
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成，（played,carried)
不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表
二、过去分词一般表示完成的被动动作
三、过去分词的作用：做定语，表语，状语，补足语
（一）过去分词作定语：
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词，及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物代词的饿过去分词作定语，只表完成。
1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
eg:a lighted candle  a stolen car
2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
Eg：The party held by their friends was a success.
The party which was held by their friends was a success.
(二)过去分词作表语
（1）The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）
(2)The library is now closed.
图书馆关门了。（过去分词表状态）