课程内容

《语法专题-特殊句式》
特殊句式主要涉及：强调句，倒装句，省略句
真题透析
Was it on a lonely island( B) he was saved one month after the boat went down?(2011四川卷15）
A  Where   B that    C which    D what
(解析）选B.该句为含强调句型的一般问句。强调了地点状语on a lonely island,不能选where.它不是定语从句。该句可以还原为一个陈述句：He was saved one month after the boat went down on a lonely island.
强调句型
考点1.强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其它部分
如强调句型指现在或未来的情况用It is,指过去用It was,被强调成分一般是主语、宾语、状语。当被强调部分指人时，用that,who均可；指事物或情况时只能用that(被强调的是时间或地点状语时，一般不用when,where).被强调部分是主语时要注意主谓一致。被强调部分被人称代词时，原句用什么格，强调句也用什么格。
强调句考查的重点是：强调句的句式变化
强调句的一般疑问句形式为：
Is(Was) it+被强调部分+that/who...?
强调句的特殊疑问句形式为;
特殊疑问词+is(was)it that/who...?
E.g
Was it during the Second World War that he died?
Where was it that you found your lost pen?
Who was it that broke the window?
考点2.not...until 用于强调句
It was not until(A) that I knew the truth.(2011.四川成都高三第三次月考卷）
A you told me        B did you tell me      C had you told me    D you have told me
(解析）选A。该句强调了not until you told me.在强调not until 句型时要将not 与until放在一起，并且语序不变。
其基本形式为
It is(was)not until....that....
It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.直到昨天我们才知道这件事。
考点1.部分倒装
My father and my mother have been married for 30 years,and never once( A) with each other.(福建省2011高三二模卷）
A have they quarreled      B they have quarreled       C did they quarrel     D had they quarreled
（解析）选A.表否定意义的副词放于句首时候引起部分倒装。即：否定意义副词+助动词+主语+动词。
部分倒装即be 动词、助动词或情态动词等放在主语前面
构成部分倒装的主要情形有：
1.含否定意义的词（如never,hardly,seldom.little,few,not,no lpnger,nowhere,in no way,inno case,by no means,at no time,neither,nor等）置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。
Eg：Never shall I forget the days when we were together.
Little did I expect to get such a warm welcome.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
Not a word did I say at the meeting.
2.only修饰的状语（介词短语、副词和从句）放在句首时，主句应使用部分倒装结构：only修饰主语时不能使用倒桩结构。
E.g Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
3.so(用于肯定句），neither/nor（用于否定句）表示“也”，出现在句首时应使用部分倒装结构。
E.g  He won't go and neither shall I.
注意：Tom likes English.----So he does.
4.neither...nor...连接两个句子时，两个句子都倒装.
E.g Neither will he study nor will he go to work.
5.1） no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...表示“一...就...”时，主句用过去完成时（倒装）《从句用过去时。
E.g  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
2)not until出现在句首时应使用部分倒装。
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
6.虚拟条件句省略if时，Were ,should,had 提前。
E.g Were I you,I would take the position in that company.
Had he been given some information,he could have answered the question.
(C) I had time,I would have gone over to see her.
A Did   B Were   C Had   D If
特别提醒：如果从句中的位于动词时过去式，则if不能省略，主谓部分也不倒装。
7.在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such出现在句首时应使用部分倒装结构
E.g  So easy was the task that they finished it within half an hour.
Such a kind person was he that everyone liked him.
8.not  only...but also...连接两个分句且not only 位于句首时，第一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。其连接两个主语时不倒装。
E.g  Not only was the city polluted but the street were crowded.
9.表示祝愿的句子。
E.g Long live Chairman Mao!
May you succeed!
考点2.完全倒装
Out (A),still discussing the fashion show with great interest.(江苏高三第4次模拟卷）
A walked a crowd of young girls
B did a crowd of young girls walk
C were walking a crowd of young girls
D a crowd of young girls were walking
(解析）选A。方位副词out 放于句首，后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。
完全倒装即将谓语动词全部移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有：
1.表示方位的副词或介词短语，如：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等，置于句首且句子主语时名词时，句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不用倒装。
South of the river lies a small factory.
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the plane.
There comes the bus.
注意：1.不能用进行时
2.主语为人称代词时不倒装
2.there be 句型时完全倒装
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
There are many desks and chairs in the room.
there be 结构中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。
There will be a new film shown on Sunday.
There must have been a mistake somewhere.
There be 中的be 有时可用seem to be,happen to be,remain,enter,live stand,lie等词组来替代。
There seems to be someting wrong with me.
There entered a woman with a baby in her arms.
3.表语置于句首时。
Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
Gone are the days when my heart was young.
Sitting round her were her children.
Buried in the sands was an ancient city.
1.At the sight of the policeman,(C)from behind the door.
A did the boy rush out
B the boy was rushing out
C out rushed the boy
D rushing out was the boy
2.On the wall (B) three large pictures.
A hangs   B hang    C hanged   D are hanging
考点3 另类倒桩
-That boy enjoys drawing very much.
-(D),I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing as he is.
A. As long as I have traveled
B.Traveled so much as I have
C As I have traveled so much
D Much as I have traveled
(解析）选D。as 引导的让步状语从句中，可将副词提前至句首。
as位于句首引导让步状语从句时，只须把从句中名词、形容词、动词或副词提到as前，（作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词）。
例如：
Child as he was,he could work out the problem.
Bad-tempered as he is,he loves me deeply.
Much as he likes English,he is not good at it.
Try as we might,we could not bring him around to accept our view.
省略句
例1：It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.( ),we'd better take it to the garage immediately.(2011.江苏卷33)
A Otherwise    B If not     C  But for that    D If so
(解析)选D。if so=if it is so.it代指It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.这件事.
例2：-Will he fail in the exam?
-(B).
A. Don't hope to         B Let's hope not     C Not hope so     D Let's hope not to
(解析)选B。考查用so,not 省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。so可代替单词、词组、句子，作believe,do,expect,guess,hope,fear,imahine,suppose,think等词的宾语；not代替否定的句子，用法与so相似。根据句意“（让）我们希望他考试不要失败”和语法规则，为了不重复别人的话，表示否定意义时，hope只用（I) hope not 形式。
1.简单句中的省略
简单句中的省略包括祈使句，感叹句以及不定式中省略。不定式的省略有如下几种：(1)用于expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后。
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to.我让他去看电影，但他不想去。
（2）have,need,ought,be going,used等后。
I didn't want to go there,but I had to.
我不想去那里，但又不得不去。
（3）在形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后。
-Will you join in the game?
-I'd be glad to.
(4)否定形式的省略用 not to.
-Shall I go instead of him?我替他去好吗？
-I prefer not to.我看还是别吧。
（5）如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been.
-He hasn't finished yet.他还没结束呢。
-Well,he ought to have.哟，他该结束了。
2.复合句中的省略
①在对话中答句省去整个主句，只用从句。
-Shall I go to play?我可以去玩吗？
-If you like(you can go to play).如果你喜欢去。
②在I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句，后面跟"so"与"not"分别表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
-Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？
-I hope not(that it will not rain).(I don't hope so.×）希望不会下雨。
③引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。
He said (that)he wouldn't come to the party.
他说他不会来参加派对。
定语从句中的省略
①关系代词在从句中做动词的宾语时。
I have been to the city twice(that/which) you just visited.
你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。
②当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。
I appreciate the way (that)you teach us.
我喜欢你教我们的方式。
状语从句中的省略现象
①当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中的谓语动词时系动词be时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构：
a.连词（as,as if,once)+名词
Once (he was) a teacher,he now works in a government office.
他曾经当过老师，现在他在政府上班。
b.连词（though,whether,when)+形容词
Work hard when (you are)young,or you'll regret.
年轻时工作勤奋些，否则你会后悔的。
c.连词（wheher,as if,while)+介词短语
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.他四处打量，好像在找什么东西。
d.连词（when,while,though)+现在分词
While (I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
我沿着大街走时，听到有人喊我的名字。
e.连词（when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这个展览比预料的还有趣。
f.连词（as if,as though)+不定式
He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.
他张了张口，好像要说话。
提示：当从句中的主语是it谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词的结构
Unless (it is)necessary,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
如无必要，你最好不要查字典。
另外，我们还可以用so或not 代替上文内容，此时可有if+so/not 省略句式：
Get up early tomorrow.If not (you don't get up early),you will miss the first bus.
明天要早起，否则会赶不上早班车。