课程内容

《语法专题-动词时态》
1.一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点：表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often always,from time to 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes sround the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一：表示永恒的真理，客观存在，科学事实，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。
The earth goes sround the sun.地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。
（典例）According to the literary review,Shakespeare(makes )his characters live through their language in his place.
考点二：表示格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：词用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus prowed that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
考例三：现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want to so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
考点四：
When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,as long as,by the time,if,incase(that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来。
He is going to visit her aun the day he arrives in Beijing.
I will call you if he comes here.
主将从现
2.现在进行时
1.表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now,at present,at this time 等时间状语连用。
Sorry,I can't go out to play.I'm doing my homework now.
2.表示现阶段正在运行但并非眼下。常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。
Some foreign student are visiting our schools this week.
3.还表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常与表将来的时间状语连用，---进行时表将来。
这样的用法的动词：arrive,come,get,go,leave,have,fly,visit等。
His grandpa is coming to see him tomorrow.
4.与副词always,forever,constantly等连用，表达满意，称赞，惊讶或厌恶等感情色彩。
David is aonstantly leaving his things about.
3.现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。一些标志性的时间状语：
考点一：for+时间段：since+时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二：常见的不确定的是时间状语：
lately:recently:just:already:yet:up to now:till now:so far,these days 等
Has it stopped raining yet?
考点三：在表示“最近几世纪、年、月以来...”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few year;during the last three months;for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughtout history等
考点四：表示”第几次做某事“或在”It is the best(worst,moet interesting)+名词+that'后面跟现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he was written.
4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。
常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a fewdays ago;when 等
考点一：used to+do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to 为不定式，后接动词原形。
He used to smoke a lot.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.
5.过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6.过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用（before 等时间词）
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when,no sooner...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主语倒桩）
考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted.
考点三：动词hope,eapect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望，打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intened to see you but I was too busy.
7.一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,next year,in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时替代将来时。
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start 等，用心在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三：”祈使句+and/or+句子“，这种结构中and 后面的句子位于用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四："am{is,are) going to+动词原形"，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am{is,are) about to+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am{is,are) to+动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
8.将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I'll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
At that time tomorrow (B)over the Atlantic.
A we're going to fly      B we'll be flying    C we'll fly    D we're to fly
9.将来完成时，表将来之间已经完成的动作。
点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。
如：by the end of this year,by 8 o'clock this evening by March next year 及by the time...,before或when 等引导的副词从句。
By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station,the rain will have left.
点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10.现在完成进行时
表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。“have/has been+现在分词”
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
所用的时间状语：this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month.
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
（1）现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续
He has changed his idea.
(2)在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的完成。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。
We have been studying here for two years.
(3)有些延续性动词（如keep,learb,live,stay,study,work等），用现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years.
高考连接
1.-What is the price of petrol thses days?
-On,it(B)sharply since lat month.
A is raised    B has risen     C has arisen    D is increased
2.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy island her holiday.
-Oh,how nice!Do you know when she(D)?
A was leaving    B had left   C has left  D left
3.All the preparations for the task(D),and we're ready to start.
A completed    B complete   C had been completed   D have been completed
4.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I (D )half of it.
A was missing   B had missed   C will miss   D missed
5.The discussion (D) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A was coming   B had come   C has come   D came