课程内容

《语法专题-定语从句》
定义：
1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词，又叫引导词。
The girlis my sisiter(先行词）who（关系词） is standing there.（定语从句）
关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as
关系副词：when,where,why等
（一）定语从句引导词的选择原则：
定语从句引导词的选择，首先要看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，如果缺少主语，宾语，和定语（有时是表语），要用关系代词；缺少状语要用关系副词。在确定使用关系代词或关系副词后，再看先行词。
1.(1)Pisa is a city (a)has a leaning tower.
(2)Pisa is a city (b)there is a leaning tower.
a. which      b.where    c.who    d.there
2.(1)This is the place (b)we visited last year.
(2)This is the place (c) we worked last year.
a whom     b which     c where    d there
3.(1)1949 is the year (a) the People's Republic of China was ounded.
(2)1949 is the year (c)I'll never forget.
a when    b why    c that     d there
(二）先行词指待物时，只用that而不用which引导定语从句的几种情况
1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much.something,nothing,anything等。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
3.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some 修饰
4.先行词被the only,the every,thelast 修饰时。
5.先行词既有人又有物时。
6.为避免who...who,which...which 重复。
1.This is all(A) I know about the matter.
A that   B what   C which   D whether
2.Is there anything else (B)you require?
A which     B that   C who   D what
3.The last place (B)we visited was the Great Wall.
A which   B that   C where   D  it
4.He talked happily about the men and books(B) interested him greatly in the school.
A which   B that  C it   D whom
5.There is no dictionary (C) you can find here.
A where   B which  C that  D in that
6.This is one of the best books(A).
A that have ever been written     B that has ever been written   C which has written     D which have written
（三）介词+关系代词   介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，判断介词的选择的方法是：
一 看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（习惯搭配），
二 通过整个句子语境来判断，结合生活实际来判断
1.They held a meeting(at) which the hospital director made a speech.
2.The book(for) which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading.
3.Is this the man (in)whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?
4.The villagers dug lots of tunnels (through)which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.
5.Wu Dong,(with)whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.
6.The stories about Long March (of)which this is one example are well written.
（四）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句是句子不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整，一般用逗号把主句和分句分开，引导词who,whom,whose,which,as,when,where等，不用that,无论做什么句子成分不能省略
（五）在非限制性定语从句中as和which的区别
as,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句，但在句首时，只用as;在句中时，指前一句话的内容，二者可以互换，但as本身有“正如....，正象....”。一类的含义，与之连用的词有：
know,see,expect,snnounce,point out 等。此外，在the same...as...,such...as....中，as 引导的是限制性定语从句.
1.(D)was natural,he married Jenny.
A which   B that   C this   D as
2.Such signs(A) we use in the experiment( )Greek letters.
A as,are   B as,is   C that,are   D that is
3.I passed him a large glass of whishy (C)he drank immediately.
A that   B as   C which   D who
4.She is very good at dance,( D)everybody knows.
A that   B which  C who  D as
5.It was raining,( D) was a pity.
A what   B that   C the which  D which
6.(D)has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules,
A Which    B What   C  That    D As
7.We do the same work(B) they do.
A which  B as   C than  D like
1.whose 的先行词指物时，可用of which 代替，但词序不同，即whose+名词=the + n + of which=of which+ the + n
He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room,the window of which faces south.=He lives in the room,of which the window faces south.
2.定语从句中的主谓一致问题
定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词一致。
He is the(only) one who (finisees)[finish] the job.
Tom is one of the students who (reach)[reach] the top of the mountain first.
3.当先行词是the way时
其引导词的选用应看其在定语从句中作什么句子成分。如定语从句中缺少主语，应选用that,which;如缺少宾语，应选用that,which ,也可省去；如缺少状语，应选用that,in which 或省去。
I don't like the way (that,in which)he treats others.
Do you think the way(that,which)he thought of is good?