课程内容
高中英语复习课《伟大的科学家 Unit 1 Great scientists》（必修5）
A summary of the story
John Snow wanted to find the cause of the cholera.He behaved that people became ill after eating infected food.He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea.He studied a small area of honses which got their water from the same pump.Many people in the area died.John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected.He showed that cholera chould be detected if people drank clean water.
Analysis of the reading passage:
There are two chies to understand this reading passage.First,the reading passage is written as stage in an experiment.Second,it introduces us a story about how John Snow discovers and controls the disease cholers!So we must understand both the scientific methods and the plot of the story.
The plot of the story
Event 1. An outbreak of cholera hit London in1854.
Event 2.John Snow began to test two theories.
Event 3.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
Event 4.John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
Event 5.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
Event 6.He had the handle removed from the water pump.
Event 7.He announced that the water carried the disease.
Event 8.King Cholera was defeated.
Words expressions structures
1.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通老百姓时，他就赶到很振奋。
exposed to 是过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰ordinary people.which are exposed to....
Mr.White showed her students some old maps(C)from the library.
A .to borrow     B to be borrowed   C borrowed   D borrowing
句意：怀特夫人把从图书馆借来的几张旧地图展示给学生们看。考查非谓语动词the map和borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示已经发生的动作，因此用过去分词作定语。
expose:
2.Neither its cause nor its cure was understand.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法，所以每次爆发霍乱的时候，就有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
(1)neither...nor...既不...也不...，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循就近原则。
相近的结构还有or,either...or...,not only....but also...
(2)cure vt.n.治愈；治疗（同义词heal)
(a) cure sb of sth   治疗...
这种药应该能治愈你的感冒
The machine should cure you of your cold.
(b)cure for+n.
治疗这种疾病的特效药还没有被发现。
A certain cure for this illness is not found vet.
(3)every time,each time ,the first time,the last time 等特殊的名词或副词短语有时可以起到连词作用，用来引导时间状语从句。另外the moment,the minute,the second,immediately,instantly等可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一....就...”
3.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.第二种看法是吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内，病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快死去。
(1)句中suggest的意思是“暗示，（间接）表明”，要用陈述语气。当“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句常用suggest that sb (should)+do类型的虚拟语气。
(3)affected person 意为“被感染的了”affected 在句中作定语，表示被动含义。
effect  n.影响，效果
【观察】阅读下列句子，观察absorb在句中的用法。
 1.Cotton golves absorb sweat and black cloth absorbs light.
vt. 吸收（液体、气体、光、热等）
2.Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
vt. 汲取、理解、掌握知识
3.This work had absorbed him for weveral years.
vt 吸引（注意力、精力等）
4.The boy was absorbed in the book and paid no attention to what was going on around him.
用于be absorbed in 集中注意力，全神贯注于...
4.It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来霍乱的流行要归罪与饮用水了。
blame v.责备；谴责；把...归咎于   n.过失，责备
常用结构：
blame ab./sth. for sth.  因...责备...
blame sth on sb./sth.   把...归咎于...
be to blame (for sth)    应（为...）承担责任；该（为....）受责备（主动表被动)
bear/take the blame   承担责任
put/lay the blame on   怪在...身上
警察把那起交通事故归咎于他的粗心驾驶。
The police blamed the traffic accident on his careless driving.
(B)for the breakdown of the school computer netbook,Alice was in low spirits.
A Blaming   B Blamed   C To blame   D To be blamed
句意：由于被指责要对学校的计算机网络故障负责，爱丽丝情绪很低落。Blame:sb/sth is responsible for sth bad把...归咎于。题中主语与blame之间构成被动关系。
5.A woman,who had moved away from Broad.Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to hei house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都派人从水泵打水运到这里来。
have+宾语+done  让宾语被做，遭遇
have+宾语+do  让宾语去做
have+宾语+doing 让宾语一直做
Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English(A) in a short period.
A inproved   B improving   C to improve   D improve
宾语和宾补之间是被动关系
过去分词的定义
过去分词只有一种形式没有主动与被动，“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化：规则动词由动词原形加词尾- ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
理解过去分词概念上的两层含义
过去分词表示被动含义和完成含义
1.及物动词的过去分析与句子的主语时被动关系表示主语的状态，不但表示被动还表示已经完成了。
The cup is broken.茶杯破了
a damaged bridae   一座被毁坏的桥
2.不及物动词的过去分词与句子的主语时主动关系表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成
He is retired.他已退休 fallen leaves  落叶
过去分词功能概述
1.构成谓语
a 和have-道构成完成时态
I haven't been out much recently.
b.和be-道构成被动语态
The children were well looked after.
2.形容词、副词化
作表语、定语；作宾补构成符合宾语：作状语
过去分词的形容词化
所谓过去分词形容词化，就是说过去分词具有了形容词的性质，那么过去分词就能够在句子中充当定语和表语。
一、过去分词作定语时，常指已完成的动作且与所修饰词之间被动关系。一般来说，如果是单个的过去分词，则放在所修饰词钱，若是一个过去分词短语，则放在所修饰词后。
二、过去分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，而被动语态则表示一个动作。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，一般表示分词的动作与被修饰的词之间存在着逻辑的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成。如：
Most of the artists invated to the party were from South Africa.
The computer center opened last year is very popular among the students.
单词过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词的前面，而过去分词短语作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。如：
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
The workers injured in the accident are now being taken goos care of in the hospital.
过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语与位于动词构成系表结构，表示主语的性质，特征和状态。如：
She was dressed in her finest skirt at the party that night.
The hill is covered with red flowers and green grass.
过去分词作表语时不要与被动语态混为一谈：前者表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其中的过去分词相当于形容词，而被动语态则强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
Your composition is well written expect for some spelling mistakes.(系表结构）
The composition was written by a senior student of Grade Three(被动语态）
summary
通过本节课，我们共同学复习了第一单元的课文和语法，在理解过去分词由于具有了形容词的性质，其在句子中就能够作定语和表语这一特质的同时，我们时刻要注意，过去分词属于非谓语动词一类，仍然表示被动或完成的含义，这是理解其意义和用法的关键。