课程内容

《Astronomy: the science of the stars》
课标导学落实
1.重要单词聚焦
1.system   n.系统，体系，制度
2.theory   n.学说，理论
3.billion   pron. n.&adj.(英）万亿，（美）十亿
4.violent   adj.猛烈的，激烈的，强暴的
5.atmosphere   n.大气层，气氛
6.unlike   prep .不同，不像
7.harmful    adj.有害的
8.multiply   vi&vt 乘，增加
9.exist    vi.存在，生存
10.thus   adv.因此，于是
11.puzzle   n.谜，难题  vt.&vi (使）迷惑，（使）为难
12.gravity    n.万有引力，重力
13.gentle   adj.温和的，文雅的
14.climate   n.气候
15.physicist   n.物理学家
16.crash   vi&vt 碰撞，坠落
17.pull   n. &vt  拉（力），拖，牵引力
18.mass    n.质量，团，块，大量，（复）群众
Ⅱ重点短语扫描
1.prevent...from...   阻止...
2.lay eggs   下蛋
3.in one's turn   轮到某人，接着
4.get the hang of   熟悉，掌握，理解
5.watch out   密切注视，当心，提防
6.depend on 依靠
7.in time  及时，终于
8.give birth to   产生，分娩
9.cheer up 感到高兴，感到振奋
10.now that  既然
11.break out  突发，爆发
Ⅲ课文原句突破
1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5and 3.8million years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
【信息提取】
what it was to become   是指what 引导的主语从句
what 在从句中作 become 的宾语
【例句仿写】使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
What surprised everybody is that he didn't come to the meeting.
2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
【信息提取】whether...(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。
【例句仿写】
他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。
It is uncertain whether he'll succeed in passing the dirving test or not.
All people,(B)they are old young,rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A even if   B whether   C no matter    D however
句意为：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管他们是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还有贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人
whether...or...   无论是...还是...，不管是...还是...
This painting is splendid,but(C) we actually need it is a different matter.
A that   B what  C whether   D how
这幅画虽美，但我们是否真的需要它是另一回事。
3.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.
【信息提取】which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个概念，也可代指单个先行词。
【例句仿写】杰克开车太快，这是危险的。
Jack drove too fast,which was dangerous.
4.We watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.
【信息提取】amazed 是adj.化的p..p....在此处作状语用。
【例句仿写】他他躺在床上，醒着。
He lay in the bed,awake.
词语细解
1.atmosphere  n.大气，空气，环境，气氛
Everyone could feel the tense atmosphere.
He is fond of the atmosphere of peace and calm.
他喜欢和平宁静的气氛。
Ever since their quarrel,there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly(A).
A atmosphere     B stare   C situation    D phenomenon
句意：两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中举行。
atmosphere 气氛  stare  状态    situation 处境     phenomenon现象
2.mass n.[C]块，团，堆
Before the rain ,the sky was a mass of clouds.
下雨前，天空有一团云。
A mass of letters came from all over the country.
一大堆信件建来自全国各地。
（pl.)群众，集团
from the masses to the masses
从群众中来，到群众中去
The masses have boundless creative power.
人们群众有无限的创造力。
a mass of/masses of+n([U]/pl)大量的，许多的
She has a mass of things to do.
她有一堆的事情要做。
in a mass  大量地，大批地
Sports fans came to the stadium in a mass.
大批的运动爱好者来到了体育馆。
The young dangers looked so beautiful in their new clothes that we took (B)pictures of them.
A many of    B masses of    C the number of   D a large amount of
题意：这些年轻的舞蹈演员穿着漂亮的衣服，显得那么迷人，我们拍了她们的许多照片。
many of_n.(pl.)许多，且名词前要有these,those ,the ,their等限定词‘masses of+n.[U/C]组多，大量的   the number of 意为“...的数量”，表“许多，大量的”之意时，要用a number of ,a large amount of +n.[U] 许多，大量的
3.in time 及时，终于，总有一天
You will succeed in time because you are always working hard.
你迟早会成功，因为你一直在努力工作。
The doctor came in time to save her life.
医生及时赶到救了她的命。
on time 准时，按时
in no time 立即，马上
at a time  一次，每次
at one time 曾经，一度
at times 有时
ahead of time 提前
take one's time 别着急，慢慢来
Don't recite all together,one at a time.
不要一起背诵，一次一个。
He ordered us to finish our task ahead of time.
他命令我们提前完成任务。
(C),I lost heart in English learning ,but my teacher often said to me,"Keep on studying hard and you'll succeed( ).
A At a time,in time       B At a time ,on time     C At one time;in time    D At one time;on time
句意为：曾一度，我对英语学习失去信心，但我老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的成功。”
-Does he often ask you for help?
-Oh,no,only(D).
A all the time     B at one time   C at a time    D at times
all the time  一直      at one time  曾经    at a time  一次 at times  有时
-I am afraid I can't return the book to you before Friday.
-(D).
A Don't be afraid     B Be careful   C Not at all      D Take your time
句意：恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你了。“慢慢来，不着急”
Don't be afraid 别害怕        Be careful 小心，当心      Not at all 一点也不       Take your time 不用急，慢慢来
4.in one's turn  轮到某人，接着
They all spoke at the meeting ,each in his turn.
他们每个人都在会上轮流发言了。
in turn  依次；轮流，反之，反过来
by turns  轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth  轮流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth   轮到某人做某事
She asked the same question of everyone in turn.
她依次向每一个人问同样的问题。
The shop assistants had their days off by turns.
店员轮流休息。
It is your turn to read the text.该轮到你读课文了。
The children were taking turns on the slides.孩子们轮流滑滑梯。
People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and this (D) creates further problems.
A in short    B in case   C in doubt   D in turn
in short 总之，简言之
in case  假使，免得，以防万一
in doubt  感到怀疑，被怀疑的
in turn  反过来，依次，轮流
5.prevent...from..   防止某事发生
=stop...from    (from 可省略，但在被动态中不省）
=keep...from... (from在任何情况下都不省略）
protect...from...   保护...不受...侵袭（from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物）
No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.
谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。
We must prevent/stop these children (from) playing football in the atreet.
我们必须阻止孩子们在大街上踢球。
His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。
He put on his sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴上太阳镜保护眼睛不受强光的伤害。
All possible means(D).However,nothing can ( )him dying of lung cancer.
A has tired;stop     B have tried;keep    C has been tried;prevent     D have been tired;stop
前一句的主语时all possible means,means用all修饰，看做是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态，后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him后省略了from.
6.cheer up  感到高兴，感到振奋
The news cheered (up)everybody who heard it.
这个消息使每一个听到的人感到高兴。
The support of the fans cheered up the losing team.
粉丝们的支持使看来要输的队振奋起来。
-Cheer up,Mandy!打起精神来，曼迪！
-Oh,I'm all right,really.奥，我很好，真的没事。
The crowed cheered up when they saw the teams arrive.
观众看到球队进场后欢声雷动。
Our football team will compete against the Japanese team this evening.Let's go and(A),shall we?
A cheer them up    B join them up    C add them up    D pick them up
为他们加油用cheer them up
答案：A
课文面对面
1.Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。
now that “由于，既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。
Now that I have nothing to do,I can enjoy music for a little while.
既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。
Now you have grown up,you can make up your mind by yourself.
你已经长大了，可以自己作决定了。
because   语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。
He was absent from the meeting because he was ill.
他没参加会议是因为他病了。
since  语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。
Since you can't answer the question.I'll ask him.
既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问他了。
as  语气比because 弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。
As there was no answer,we wrote him again.
鉴于他没有回复，我们又给他写了封信。
for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for这一用法需放在两句之间。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
-Did you return Fred's call?
-I didn't need to(D) I'll see him tomorrow.
A though   B unless   C when  D because
句意为:你给Fred回电话了吗？“我没必要回，因为明天我要去见他。”
though 虽然   unless 除非     when 当...时    because 因为
2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球变得如此狂躁不安，因此搞不清楚这种形状是否会持续下去。
last vi.持续，耐久
The speech lasted an hour.
演讲持续了一小时。
How many days will our food last?
我们的食物可以维持几天？
The patient isn't expected to last the night.
没有人认为那病人会熬得过晚上。
The performance (D)nearly three hours,but few people left the theatre early.
A covered   B reached   C played   D lasted
句意：这次演出持续了近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院。、
last 持续，继续   cover 覆盖，包括，涉及，足以支付     reach 到达，够得着   play玩，扮演
3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因为我摔倒了。
倍数表达式：
...time as...as...   是...的几倍
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。
The big ball id four times as heavy as the small one.
这个打球是这个小球的四倍重。
times +形容词/副词比较级+than
This building is four times higher than the old one.
这座楼比旧楼高4倍。
...times+the size/height/length/width/depth+of..
This ball is twice the size of that one.
这个球的大小是那个球的两倍。
...time+what从句
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer(D) a woman.
A than    B such   C so   D as
阅读题干可知此题考查倍数公式的同级比较句型，其构成应为：倍数词+as+形容词、副词原级+as+另一比较对象，所以此空应填as.
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost(B)his.
A as much twice as   B twice as much as   C much as twice as    D as twice much as
句意：彼得的夹克衫看上去与杰克的相同，但价格却是他的两倍。表达倍数用“倍数词+as+adj.+as"结构。
Ten years ago the population of our village was(B)that of theirs.
A ads twice large as    B twice as large as     C twice as much as    D as twice much as
句意：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的10倍。
Some parts in South China have experienced(A) this year as they did last year.
A twice as much rain    B rain twice as much       C as twice much rain    D twice rain as much
考查倍数表达法”倍数+as many/much+n.+as..."因倍数词为前位限定词，排除B、C两项，而D项不和句型结构