课程内容

《Language in use.》
Read the following sentences.
There is a policeman at the door.
There is a box in the room.The box is heavy.
I got a letter yesterday.The letter was from
may sister.
I met an old man at the gate.
This is the most interesting book I have ever
read.
He comes from the United States of America.
            Articles冠
冠词是放在所说明的名词之前的词，说明名词所指的人或事物，
是虚词。
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两种，不定冠词是a和an、定冠词是
the。
一、在如下几种情况下，常用不定冠词。
1）泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
   A horse is a useful animal.
   马是一种有用的动物。
2）表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：
   I have a new watch.
   我有一块新手表。
3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。
如：
 A man is talking with your father outside the gate.
 一名男子正在大门外同你父亲谈话。
4)表示“每一”，相当于every. 如：
I go to school five days a week.
  我一周上五天课。
5）用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。如：
 I have three books.I want to buy a fourth one.
  我有三本书，我想买第四本。
6）用在某些固定词组中：a lot (of)许多，大量；after a while 过一会儿
 Let me have a look at your book.
 让我看看你的书。
二、在如下几种情况下，常用定冠词。
1）定冠词the常用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
如：
  New York is not the capital of America.
  纽约不是美国的首都。
2）用在序数词及形容词的最高级之前。如：
  The third dress that he bought is the most expensive in
this store.
  他买的第三条裙子是这家商店里最贵的。
3）用在姓氏复数之前，表示一家人。如：
  The Greens will move to Australia next year.
  格林一家明年将搬到澳大利亚。
4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
  The Sun is much bigger than the Earth.
  太阳比地球大得多。
5）用在某些形容词前，表示一类人。如:
  The rich should do something to help the poor.
  富人应当做些事以帮助穷人。
6）用在表示方位的名词前。如：
  Dalian is in the north of China.
  大连在中国的北部。
7）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
  Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?
  你去过颐和园吗？
8）用于某些固定词组中。如：
  By the way,how is your sister?
  顺便问一下，你姐姐好吗？
9）用于指代上文提到的人或事物。如：
  I found a book on the floor.I think the book is Tom's.
  我在地上发现一本书，我想这本书是汤姆的。
10)用于表示乐器的名词前。如:
  My brother doesn't like playing the piano.
  我哥哥不喜欢弹钢琴。
    零冠词
 零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词、定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象。
 在如下几种情况下，常用零冠词：
1）在表示类别的不可数名词或复数可数名词前。
如：
It is necessary to drink water after you do exercise.
运动后喝水是必要的。
My father and mother are both doctors.
我的爸爸和妈妈都是医生。
2）名词前已有物主代词或指示代词时，一般不冠词。如：
This is my cat whose name is Mimi.
这是我的猫，它的名字叫咪咪。
3）非普通名词构成的专有名词前一般不加冠词。如：
Tian'anmen Square is in the centre of Beijing.
天安门广场在北京市中心。
4)表示一日三餐、球类和棋类前一般不加冠词。如：
We had supper after playing football yesterday.
昨天我们踢足球后吃的晚饭。
5）在称呼或表示头衔和职务的名词前一般不加冠词。如：
This is Professor Liu,our English teacher.
这位是刘教授，我们的英语老师。
6）在学科名称前。如：
English is an important subject.
英语是一门重要的学科。
7）在某些固定词组中。如：
I go to work by bus every day.
我每天乘公交车上班。

   Practice
Write the words with a,an,no article(/)or in plural form.
1.There's no air or water on the moon.
2.The Yellow River is the second longest river in / China.
3.My mother bought me a very nice bike.I like the bike very much.
4.Xiao Ming likes playing / basketball,but he doesn't like playing
the piano.
5.The students don't have classes in the afternoon on / Saturday.
6.I often watch TV in the evening.
7.Let's go out for a walk.
8.What would you like for lunch,/ coffee or / milk?
9.You dropped a“u”and an “s”in this word.
10.There is a pen on the desk.The pen is mine.
11.I like playing × basketball,but I don't like playing
the piano.
12.He drove the car at the speed of eighty kilometers an hour.
13.I think English is a useful subject.
   Do you think so?
14.He had an apple and a glass of milk for × supper.
15.--Who is the boy?
   --He is my × best friend.
16.Does Bob come from the USA or × Australia?
17.Linda works in a hospital.Her sister works in
the same hospital.
18.How do you go to work,by × bus or on × foot?
Mina is an eighteen-year-old girl.She's got a brother
and a sister.Mina is the oldest child in the family.
She lives in a very big city.The population is more than
10 million.She has a job in a hotel.She hopes that one day
she will have a chance to go to / college.
1 Work in pairs.Match the countries with their populations.

2 Listen and check your answers.
3 Read the chart and answer the questions.
1.Which city had the largest popullation in 2000?
  Tokyo
2.Which city's popullation will increase the most from 2000
to 2025?
  Mumbai
3.Which city will have a larger increase in its population,
New York or Mexico City?
  Mexico City
4.Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest popullation
problem?Why?
  Tokyo,because they have many environmental problems
4 Complete the passage with a,an or the where necessary.
Mina is(1)an eighteen-year-old girl.She has got(2)a brother
and (3)a sister.Mina is(4)the oldest child in(5)the family.
She lives in(6)a very big city.She has(7)a job in(8)a hotel.
She hopes that one day she will have(9)the chance to go to
(10)/college.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words
in the box.
    few good  much small
1.We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good,and we're
working to make them even better.
2.Their flat is too large for two people.They want to find
a smaller one.
3.Anna always talks about her ideas.I think she needs to
listen more.
4.There are a lot of parks in this city.I think there are
fewer parks in a lot of other cities.

6 Complete the diagram showing population problems.Use the
words in the box to help you.
air city countryside hospital
increase public service traffic water

 Problems of Arnwick
People move from countryside
People arrive in city
Problem:Population increases
Environmental problems:air,water
Health problems:hospital
Problems for the government:public services,a lot of traffic
 
7 Complete the passage with the words in the box.
  countryside pollution population space traffic
  Our word is facing many problems.Two of the biggest are the
increasing population and pollution.
  The(1)population of the world is increasing quickly.Why is
this happening?Because more babies are born every year and people
also live longer.Many people are leaving the(2)countryside to work
in the cities,but there is not enough(3)space for so many people.
  Another huge problem for the world is(4)pollution.There's so much
(5)traffic on the roa that in some cities the air is heavily polluted.
We must work harder to protect our world.
9 Listen and choose the best summary
a)It's cheaper to share a car than to have a personal car.
b)People in a car club do not often take buses,trains or the
underground.
c)There are no car clubs in the US.
d)Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.

10 Listen again and choose the correct answer.
1.Joining a car club is cheaper/more.
2.People in car clubs pay for/do not pay for a car when
they drive.
3.People in car clubs sometimes/never talk a bus or ride a
bike.
4.People in car clubs probably are/are not healthier.
  Work in pairs and discuss this question.
Do you think car clubs would be popular in China?
Why/Why not?

Around the world
  world population and water
  With more and more people in the world,more and more
water is used.In fact,water use is growing more than
twice as fast as the world's popullation!As a result,
getting good,clean water is becoming a problem in many
places.A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people
have to walk a long way to get clean water fordaily use.
More than 3.4 million people die each from drinking and
washing with polluted water.So let's do everything we can
to stop the pollution and save water.
 Read and answer.
 What a problem are there in many places with water？
  Getting good,clean water is becoming a problem in
many places.
  True(T)or false(F)according to Population and water。
(T)1.Clean water is becoming a problem in many places.
(F)2.Water use is growing as fast as the world's population.
(T)3.Many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean
water.
(F)4.More than 3.4 billion people die from drinking and washing
with dirty water each year.
(T)5.In fact,world population and pollution are problems that cause
the shortage of good clean water.
  Module task
Making a graph
Work in groups.Choose a topic for your graph.
Choose a country or town which interests you.It could be your home town.
Decide the time you want to look at-for example,now,10 years ago and 10
years from now.
Research the population of your place in those years.Write your notes carefully.
13.Make your graph.
Decide how you want to make your graph.
Draw it and colour it.You can also make it on the computer.
Label it clearly.
 Exercises
(B)1.Cindy is __amazing singer.
She has lots of fans.(2010.河北省)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(B)2.-Why do you like Mary?
-Because she is__honest girl.(2010湖南省娄底)
A.a B.an C.the
(A)3.Jenny is__American.She works in__company
in China now.(2010四川省内江)
A.an;a B.an;the C.a;an
(B)4.-What would you like for__breakfast,Mr.Green?
-Two pieces of bread and__cup of tea,please.(2010四川省自贡)
A.a;the B./;a C./;the
(A)5.Avatar(阿凡达）is such__wonderful science fiction movie that
I want to see it__second time.(2010山东省潍坊)
A.a,a B.a,the C./,the D./,a
(A)6.There is__local shop for people to buy daily things in the
small village.(2010江苏省南京)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(C)7.Many people think that 2012 is one of__most successful films.
(2010浙江省衢州)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(A)8.If you go by train,you can have quite__comfortable journey,but make
sure you take__fast one.(2010江苏省无锡)
A.a;a B.the;a C.the;the D.不填;a
(B)9.This is__story-book.It was written by Yang Hongying.
(2011湖南株洲)
A.the B.a C.an
(A)10.-Be careful!There is__dog lying on the ground.
-Thanks a lot.(2012贵州铜仁)
A.a B.an C.the D./
(B)11.Bill likes playing__basketball,but he doesn't like playing__
piano.(2012甘肃鸡西市)
A.the,the B./,the C.the,/
(D)12.__Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.(2012广东)
A./B.A C.An D.The
(B)13.__new bridge has been built over__Changjiang River in
Huanghi.(2012湖北黄石)
A.The;a B.A;the C.A;\ D.An;the
(B)14.There is__old bridge near my house.(2012湖南永州)
A.a B.an C.the
(C)15.Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play__guitar at the age of
seven.(2013长沙)
A.a B.不填 C.the
(C)16.A:I enjoyed the performance very much.
      B:Yes,it was really good.I think__boy in white was the best actor.
(2013广州)
A.a B.an C.the D./

 Homework
Write a paragraph to describe your city.