课程内容
高中英语《共享 Unit 4 Sharing (part 4)》(选修7)
定语从句
基本内容
概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。定语从句要放在先行词的后面（as引导的非限定性从除外）
搞清几个概念
①简单句（五种基本句型）
复合句（两个句子，一个主句，一个从句。）
②先行词：名词和代词
③关系代词：
连接作用：引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来。
替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
成分作用：在从句中总是充当一个句子成分。（主语，宾语，定语，状语）
易错点
是否是定语从句要看是否有先行词。
是否是定语从句要看句子是否完整。
关系代词的用法和分类
①根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性。
②根据所替代的先行词是人还是物。
③根据它在从句中所充当的成分---主语、宾语和定语。
高考命题热点
①that与which;that,when与where的选用
②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
③“介词+which"与when,where的选用
④which,as 引导非限定性定语从句的区别
⑤不定代词（数词）+of which(whom)与
不定代词（数词）+of them的选用
⑥定语从句的主谓一致现象
定语从句易考点
关系代词和关系副词的选择
定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。
如果从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句：
如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句
I still remember the days which/that we spent together.
I still remember the days when we worked together.
多用关系代词that的几种情况
that在限制性定语从句几棵指人又可指物
①先行词为all,everthing,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is little I can use.
All the books that you need are there.(that/不填）
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
That is the first composition that he has written in English.
That is the best novel that I have ever seen.
③先行词被the only,the very,the last 等修饰时。（指人时用who也可）
The last place (that)we visited was the chemical factory.
This is the very book (that)I am looking for.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
⑤主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
Who is the man that is speaking over there?
Which is the book that you bought yesterday?
介词+关系代词中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
That's the reason for which he was late for school.
注意：
1.定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。
This is the key which you are looking for.
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2.该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which.
as & which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.位置上：as引导从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As is known to us all,the earth turns around the sun.
The earth,as is known to us all,turns around the sun.
The earth turns around the sun,as is known to us all.
2.词义上：as表示“正如，正像”之意;which表示“这一点”之意
as常与动词see,know,hear,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess搭配；或用于下列固定词组：
as is often the case    (情况常常如此）
as often happens      (这种情况常常发生）
as has been pointed out     (正如已经指出的）
as is reported    (正如所报道的那样）
Light travels faster than sound,as we all know.
Jack came late for school,which made his teacher angry.
定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致.
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.
Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.
保持主句的完整性
再定语从句中，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，否则整个定语从句就无法成立。
①Is this factory ( ) we visited last week?
②Is this the factory ( )we visited last week?
A which   B where   C that   D the one
分析
第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。
第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited的宾语，故应选A 项。
从句成分的重叠
定语从句，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现于关系代（副）词重叠的成分。
Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?
分析：该题中that已经代替先行词the train在定语从句中充当及物动词took的宾语，故重叠出现在宾语it必须删去。
关系词that的特殊用法
that作特殊关系词引导的定语从句，常修饰先行词way,这时that别相当于in which，可省略。
条件：
①先行词way意为“方式，方法”，
②在定语从句中作状语。
The way (that/in which/不填）he spoke amused us all.
注意区分：
①This is the way(that/which/不填）he likes.
②This is the way(that/which/不填）he passes by every day.
③This is the way(that/which）leads to our school.
关系副词where的用法
误区：只要先行词是表示地点的名词，一定要用关系副词where.
当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place,room,mountain,airport等，同时从句中缺状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。
通常where大都可以转换成“介词+which"的形式。
case,condition,situation,position等表示”情况“的名词在定语从句作状语也可接where从句，这里表示模糊的地点。
There are some cases where this rule doesn't work.
He has to face the cinditions where pressure was heavy.
They are in a difficult situation where all efforts seemed useless.
We have come to a point where some changes have to be made.
whose的用法
whose在从句中作定语，后面接名词，可修饰定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语等不同成分。既可以指人（=of whom),也可以指物(=of which)
Look at the building,whose roof is white.
Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.
The boss in whose department Mr Kiing worked had heard about the accident.
whose+名词=the +名词+of which=of which+the+名词
Look at the building,the roof of which(=whose roof)is white.
Mr King,whose legs(=of whom the legs=the legs of whom)were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.
Exercises
1.Today,we'll discuss a number of cases (D)beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A which   B as    C why   D where
2.The English play(C) my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A for which    B at which   C in which   D on which
3.She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day,(A)I found quite strange.
A which  B that   C what  D when
4.China has hundreds of islands,(C)the largest is Taiwan.
A in which   B at which   C of which  D from which
5.We came to a place(B) they had never paid a visit before.
A to where   B to which   C that   D which
6.Is there a restaurant around (D)I have something to eat?
A that  B what  C which  D where
7.It was at the school (A)was named after a hero ( )he spent his childhood.
A which;that    B where;where    C that;where    D which;where
8.There is a popular belief among parents( B)schools don't pay any attention to handwriting.
A whose   B that   C which  D in which
9.-Was( C)Bill,( )played football well,( )helped the blind man cross the road?
-Yes,you are right.He is always ready to help pthers.
A is;that;who   B which;that;that    C it;who;that    D who;which;that
10.His sister has become a teacher,(D)was what she wanted to be.
A Who   B What  C that  D which