课程内容
高中英语《在海里 Unit 3 Under the sea (part 4)）》(选修7)
非谓语动词（V-ing形式）
V-ing 作动名词时具有名词的特征，因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语，有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语，也可以有时态和语态形式。
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.(主语）
Her job is teaching.(表语）
He is fond of playing football.(宾语）
developing countries     (定语）
working  people    （定语）
1.V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。
Going to bed early and getting early is a god habit.
早睡早起是一种好习惯。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn English.
(1)v-ing 在It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure+doing 作主语，it为形式主语。
It is no use crying for the spilt milk.
覆水难收
It's no good waiting here.Let's go home.
在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。
It is no use your complaining;the company won't do anything about it.
(2)V-ing 形式在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile/worth等形容词+doing"结构中作主语。
It is interesting traveling with close friends in summer vocation.
在暑假里和要好的朋友一起去旅游是非常有趣的。
It is worthwhile reading the book again.
很值得再读一下这本书。
(3)V-ing 形式在"There is (Was)no+doing"结构中作主语。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no littering about.
不许乱扔杂物。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect.
不可否认的是中国在各个方面都取得了飞速发展。
V-ing 形式作宾语
(1)有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语
admit   承认        excuse   原谅        postpone   拖延
fancy   想象        practise  练习        appreciate    欣赏
finish   完成       prevent   防止       avoid   避免
forbid    禁止       propose  建议         consider   考虑
forgive   宽恕        delay   耽搁         imagine  想象
deny     否认         resist   抵制         keep   保留
risk  冒险         dislike  讨厌        mind    在意
miss   错过         suggest   建议        enjoy     喜欢
pardon   原谅        escape  逃避        
常考单词：
admit   承认             practise  练习
appreciate    欣赏       delay   耽搁 
imagine  想象             risk  冒险
mind    在意               miss   错过
suggest   建议             enjoy     喜欢
(2)有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。
常这样用的动词短语有：
can't stand/help     忍不住
feel like   想欲； give up   放弃；put off 推迟
After hearing the funny story,all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。
Do you feel like taking a walk?
你要不要去散步？
(3)V-ing形式常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。
be fond of,instead of,look forward to,object to,keep on,see about(安排，采取行动），take to(沉溺于）
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着您下一次的到来。
Let's see about dinner.
让我们开始准备晚餐吧。
Tom has taken to smoking.
汤姆抽烟已经上了瘾。
(4)在下列固定短语中，V-ing形式做介词宾语，in常要省去。
have difficulty(trouble,problem,a hard time,fun,a good time)(in)+V-ing;
be busy(in)+V-ing;
waste time(in)+V-ing;
lose time (in)+V-ing形式
There is no point(in)+V-ing
They had no difficulty(in)finding my address.
他们没费什么劲就找到了我的家。
The children are busy doing their homework.
孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point(in)making the simple experients once again.
再做一次这样简单的实验时毫无意义的。
动名词可具有时态意义
动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义。
一般式(doing)
完成式 （having done)
一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念。
完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.
那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。（动名词的完成时态）
I regret having said some rude words to my brother.
我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.
我们不知道他们干过这种事情。
动名词可具有语态意义
如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其被动形式
(being done,having been done)
其否定形式是：
not being done,not having been done
People hate being praised for nothing.
人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。
The problem is far from being solved.
这问题远没得到解决。
She didn't mind being left alone at home.
她不介意被一人留在家里。
The little girl cried for not having been forgiven.
这个小女孩因为没有被原谅而哭了。
1)在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your car needs filling.
你这车要充气了。
This city deserves visiting.
这座城市值得光顾一下。
The trees want watering.
这些树需要浇水了。
Exercises
1.The thief entered the room without (B).
A noticing      B being noticed      C having noticed      D having been noticed
2.(A)the exam will disappoint your parents.
A Your failing     B Your fail       D You fail    D You to fail
3.While we're developing agriculture and industry,we must prevent the earth (D ).
A from polluting       B polluted     C polluting     D being polluted
4.He apologized for (D).
A he not being able to come
B his being not able to come
C his being able not to come
D him not being able to come
5.When he heard the big noise,Tom stopped (B )and ( )to the window to see what was happening.
A to read;went      B reading;to go     C reading;going      D reading;went
6.I am busy (B )for the entrance examination,so I can't help ( )housework at home.
A preparing;doing      B preparing;to do       C to preparing;doing     D to prepare;to do
7.(D)the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
A His being made     B He has made     C He had making    D His making
8.I don't think it's much good(A)to him.
A writing     B to wirte    C write   D written