课程内容

《Working the land （Part 3）》
Using language
Chemical or organic farming
1. ...long-term use of these fertilizers can canuse damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to people's health.
damage 在句子中为名词，不可数，常与动词
do,cause,repair,suffer,pay等搭配
This thing,if continued,is going to do him great damage.
If there's damage done,put it done in the bill.
damage 用作不及物动词，本身没有被动意义，表示“受到损坏“
Glass damages easily.
damage,destory,ruin 的区别
damage 指损伤或降低某物的价值，造成部分性的破坏。
An early frost damaged the crops.
destory 指被摧毁，含有不能或很难修复的意思。
An earthquake and fire destoryed almost the entire city.
ruin 指把某物损害到了不能再修理，不能再使用的程度，常用于抽象的借喻中。
He has ruined his health through drinking.
Your plan for a party will be ruined if you get sick.
2.They damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.
as well as 有以下几种含义和用法：
a 和...做得一样好  用于同级比较
He tries to learn guitar as well as his sister.
b  也，还有，同...一样
Our teachers as well as headmaster,play an important part in our growth.
c  既...又..，不但...而且
The child is lively as well as healthy.
英语中有些as...as 结构在意义上并非同级比较
as long as 只要，长达
You may take this book away as long as you return it on time.
as good as  和...几乎一样，实际上
What I said has as good as shown my view.
as fa as 远达，就...，据....
as soon as  一...就....
3.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
lead to 在本句中的意思是”导致“，to是介词，该结构不用于被动语态。
I don't think it will lead to a good result.
除此之外，lead to还有”通向某地“之意
All roads lead to Rome.
lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子，完全操纵某人
lead sb. to do sth. 致使某人做某事
What led you to think so?
lead sb.(in)doing sth.领导或带领某人做某事
4.  ...many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.
句中begin 为短暂性动词，一般不用于进行时。句子中的进行时表示逐渐、渐渐开始，后面的动词用to do
I am beginning to understand.
还有两种情况begin 后面适合用不定式作宾语。
（1）begin 后面的宾语是表示心理活动的词，如：know,like,understand
(2)主语指物  The water began to boil.
注意：下一句话的表达不要受汉语影响
会议将从五月一日开始
The meeting will begin from May 1st.(×）
The meeting will begin on May 1st.(√）
to begin with 首先，第一  常常单独使用
To begin with,it is too cold.
Besides,we have no money.
5.This also keeps the air,soil,water and crops free from chemicals.
keep  vt.使...保持某种状态，使...继续某种活动（宾补不能是不定式和从句）
She always keeps the house tidy and clean.
I'm sorry that you've been kept waiting so long.
free from=free of 没有...的，免于...的
后面的名词是charge (费用），rent （租金）等词，前面习惯使用free of
If you like,you can live in it free of rent.
6.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years.
every+基数词+复数名词
every+序数词+单数名词
every three days=every third day     每三天（每隔两天）
every two days=every second day=every other day  每隔一天
every few+复数名词    每隔几...
every few metres     每隔几米