课程内容

《Astronomy: the science of the stars （Part 4）》
existence n.存在
1).This plant (exists)only in Australia.
2).Can you (exist on) such a low salary ?
3).I doubt the existence (exist)of alien.
13.remain vi.仍然是：留下，剩下
　　　　n.
remain+ adj./adv./prep.仍然是
        v-ed/v-ing
remain to be done
比较：
leave vt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带某，使或让（某人、事物）处某状态、其他
leave sb. sth.=leave sth. to sb.给某人留下某物
leave sth.(for sb.)留下，交代下（某物）
leave sth. to sb. 将某物遗赠给某人
remaining/left adj.剩下的（前者用于被修饰的n.之前，后者用于之后）
1)Someone(left)you this note while you were out.
2)After the earthquake,little (remained)of the village.
3)He used the(remaining)money to buy a dictionary.
4)After buying the dictionary,he had not much money (left).
5)Arriving home,I found that I'd (left)my key in the office.
6)Don't leave her 【waiting】(wait)outside in the rain.
7)She remained 【unchanged】(change)after all these years.
8)A great many things remain 【to be done】(do).
14.Thus they have,in their turn,because the most important animals on the planet.(p26)
1).thus adv.(=therefore)因此，于是
他工作不努力，因此被解雇。
He didn't work hard.Thus he was fired.
两党进行了详细的讨论，于是达成了协议。
Both parties (had a)thorough (discussion);thus they reached an agreement.
(thus)doing 表正常的结果，充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语时是前面句子的内容。
European football is played in 80 countries,(making it the most popular sport in the morld).The storm left,(having caused a lot of damage to this area).
(never/only)to do所表达的结果往往是出乎意料之外或不幸的，充当结果状语的动词不定式的逻辑主语时句子的主语。
I arrived at the shop (omly to find I'd left all my money at home).
He hurried to the station(only to find that the train had left).
2).in one's turn轮到某人，接着
in turn 轮流，一个接着一个
by turns轮流，一阵...一阵...
take turns(to do sth.)轮流（做某物）
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了
①She went hot and cold (by truns).
②我们轮流着开车。
We took turns to driver the car.
We drover the car by turns/in turn.
③今天轮到谁发言了？
Whose turn is it to give a speech today?
15.prevent...from=stop...from=keep...from
使...不做事，阻止。。。做某事（p26)
他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。
His back injury may(prevent)him(from)playing in tomorrow's game.
**prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省，keep sb. doing sth.中from不可省，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from 都不可省；当后接sb's doing sth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop,不能用keep,因为没有keep sb's doing sth.的句型。
①Doctors took action to (prevent the disease from spreading)防止这种疾病的蔓延）.
②Of coure I can't (prevent)your going abroad.
③警察阻止他们携带武器。
The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons.
=They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons.
prevent vt.预防，防止
prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍
In my opinion,prevention is more important than treatment.
preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的
16.(sth.)depend on (sth.else)取决于（p26)
我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
depend sb./sth. to do sth.依靠、依赖。。。做某事
The map is a thing to be depend on when you are in a strange place.
You may depend upon her to arrive on time.
depend on/upon it that...指望...,对...不怀疑
You may depend on that she will help you.
You may depend on that he'll join our club.
depending on 根据，依靠（作方式状语）
The climate changes depending on the area.We'll decide whether to hold the sports meet depending on the whether.
that/it(all)depends
这很难说，看情况，得看情况而定
-Will you go skiing with this winter vacation?
-It all depends.
主语从句
主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语。而把主语从句放在主句之后。
按引导词的不同，主语从句可分为下面三类：
1.由从属连词引导
So whether life will continue on the earth for millons of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(p26)
2.由连接代词引导
(What it was to become)was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 millon years ago...(p25)
(What is even more important)is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.(p26)
(What many scientists belive)is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into oceans and seas.(p26)
3.由连接副词引导
(Why they suddenly disappeared)still remain a mystery.(p26)
(Where the meeting will be held)hasn't been decided.
(However you do it)is all right with me.
4.it 作形式主语
1）that所引导的主语从句常放到句子后部去，由代词it作形式主语。
Well,it is well know(that American like to eat a lot.)(Unit 3 p22)
It was not immediately bovious(that water was to be fundamental to the deveopment of life.(p26)
It was so hard(that we could not say anything to each other.)(p30)
2)在it is pity,it is a shame,it is strange/surprising,it is no wonder,it is necessary/essential/important等结构后的主语从句中谓语动词常采用虚拟语气形式“(should)=V原（或完成形式）”，表示遗憾，惊奇，重要等作用
(It is a strange that)he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.
It's amazing(how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life)...(Unit 3 p 22)
(It is a great pity that)he should be so greedy.
3)由wh-系列引导词引导的从句也用it作形式主语
...it was not clear(whether the shape would last or not).(p25)
It is still open to question(who is to head the group.)
It is more time(what we need).
课后习题
1.(B )some peolple regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(01 北京）
A Whether   B What   C That   D How
2.-How about camping this weekend,just for a change?(10 浙江）
-OK,（C  )you want.
A whichever    B however    C whatever  D whoever
3.It is uncertain( B)side effect the medicine wil bring about,although about two thousand partients have taken it.
A that      B waht    C houw     D whether