课程内容

《First Aid （Part 4）》
1.定义：英语中有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个名子成分，这种语法现象称为省赂。
2.常见的省略有下列几种情况：
  1）简单句中的省略
  （1）主语
   (I
    (I)Hope to see you again.
    (It)Doesn't matter
    (You)Open the door,please.
2)并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。
e.g.In our class boys like sports,while girls do not(like sports)
我们班男孩喜欢运动，而女孩不喜欢。
He often regards English as easy and (he often regards
)French as difficult
他常把英语看做是容易学的语言，而法语是难学的。
3）状语从句中的省略
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或都是it，可以把省略从句中的主语和谓语一起省略。
e.g.Be careful when (you are)crossing the street
Unless(you are)invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
除非被邀请讲话，否则在会上你应该保持沉默。
Error,if (there are)any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误，就应当改正。
if (it is )possible,I'll pick you up .
4)不定式结构中的省略
不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略，只保留不定式符号to,常用于动词would like, would love,wish,want,hope,expect,intend,refuse以及形容词afraid,happy,gald,willing,ready等之后。
---Will you go with me?你和我一起去吗？
---Well,I'd like to (go with you)
好吧，我愿意（和你一起去）
----Have you ever been to the seaside?
你们去过海边吗？
----No, we can't afford to (go to the seaside)
没有，我们没钱去海边。
----Will you join in the game?
----I'd be glad to (join in the game)
注意：如果承前省略的不定式内容有be或做助动词的have时，不定式符号to后要保留be 或have.
----Are you a farmer?你是个农民吗？
----No,but I used to be (a farmer)
不是，但我过去是。
---I haven't finished to homework yet.
我的作业没有做完。
---Well,you ought to have(finished to homework).
不过，你本应该完成的。
5）答语中的省略
（1）有时为了避免重复，可用so或not做替代语，替代前面所说的内容。可用于动词think,believe,hope,suppose,expect,guess,imagine以及be afraid,of course,certainly,perhaps等后面。
---Do you believe our team will win?
---I guess so 我猜会的。
--- Do you think he will come?
他认为他会来吗？
---I don't think so./I think not.
我认为他不会来的。
----You haven't lost the ticket,have you?
你没弄丢票，是吗？
----I hope not,I know it's not easy to get another one a the moment.
我希望没有。我知道这个时候很难再弄到一张票
注意：hope,guess,I'm afraid 的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not so 的形式。
----The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?
孩子们工作干得不好，是吗？
---I guess not。
我猜是没干好。
6）在对话中，答句省去整个主句只用从句。
---Shall I go to play?
---If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜欢（你可以去）
---When could I start?
---(You may start)Whenever you like.
你喜欢什么时候都可以。
----What made him quset?
----Losing his bike.(made him upset)
7)that的省略
（1）在宾语从句中，连接词that可以省略。但如果有两个或几个宾语从句，除第一个外，其他都不能省略。
Mr Wang said(that)the work was important and that we should try our best to do it.
王先生说这工作很重要，我们得尽心尽力。、
（2）在定语从句中，关系代词that做宾语时可以省略。
 The book(that)he bought yesterday was very expensive.
8)虚拟条件句中常省略if将were,had,should提前，构成部分倒装。
Were I you,I would catch the good chance.
Had I foolowed your advice,I wouldn't have missed the good chance.
Should there be a flood,we would run away.
Exercisess
1._____,the chiklren should play outside in the fresh air.
A.Whenever possible BWhenever it possible
C.Whenever is possible D.Whenever they are
2.---What's joan doing?
---____newspapers in the room.
A.Is reading B.Read C.To read D.Reading
3.---Will it rain tomorrow?
----______.
A.I don't hope B I hope not
C.Hope not D.I hope
4.Although___to stop,he kept on working.
A.Told B.telling C.having told D.to tell
5.----How long has this bookshop been in business?
---____
A.After B.In C.From D.Since